新时代“德法合治”方略的哲理思考

Philosophical Thought on the Strategy of Co-governing Morality and Law in the New Era

法律与道德在中国历史上经历了两次大的合与分,大凡合的时候治理效果相对较好,分则相对较差,故新时代选择"德法合治"的治国理政方略符合历史发展规律,具有必然性。就操作性而言,可以从三个层面展开:法律制定要将重要道德直接上升为立法,或用道德来改革逆情悖理的法律,或用道德来改良力度不足的法律;法律实施要明确两个大的方向,即不得让违反道德的行为通过法律谋取不当利益,不得让符合道德的行为因为法律承受不利后果;法律遵守要用法治宣传裨助道德教化,用道德教育促进全民守法。从文化的角度考量,西方在"天人相分"的主体性价值观支配下形成了分析性思维方式,中国在"天人合一"的统一性价值观主导下形成了综合性思维方式,故西人所采道德法律分而治之的治理模式不适合中国人的思维方式,选择"德法合治"具有合理性。

Law and morality have experienced great combinations and separations for two times in Chinese history.When they are combined,the governance effect is relatively good,while they are separated,the effect is relatively poor.Therefore,choosing the state-governing strategy of co-governance of morality and law in the new era is in line with the rule of historical development and is inevitable.As far as operability is concerned,it can be analyzed from three aspects:the enactment of law should directly raise important morality into legislation,or use morality to reform the law that is not reasonable,or use morality to improve the law with insufficient strength;the implementation of law should be clear in two large directions,that is,the unethical behavior should not be allowed to seek improper interests through the law,and ethical conduct must not be allowed to bear adverse consequences because of the law;legal compliance should use the rule of law propaganda to help moral education,and apply moral education to promote the law compliance for the whole people.In terms of culture,the West has formed an analytical way of thinking under the domination of the subjective values of the separation of heaven and man,while China has formed a comprehensive mode of thinking under the guidance of unified values of unity of heaven and man.Therefore,the model of separately governing morality and law adopted by the Westerners is not suitable for the Chinese way of thinking,and the co-governance of morality and law is reasonable.