正当程序原则司法适用的正当性:回归规范立场

The Legitimacy for the Judicial Application of Due Process Principle:Returning to the Normative Position

经过20余年的发展,正当程序原则司法适用的判例已有较为丰富的积累。以界分作为规则的正当程序和作为原理的正当程序为前提,在司法适用中需探寻行为法意义之'实定法基础'和裁判法意义之'审查标准'的匹配。就正当程序原则与实定法规范的关系看,我国司法审判实践并存着'竞合模式''推导模式'和'空缺模式'三种样态并发展出不同的解释路径;就审查标准看,已然出现'单一适用'和'选择适用'之间的选择困顿。解决正当程序原则司法适用的正当性难题,需要回归规范立场来弥合其作为论证理由和裁判依据之间的沟壑。这样的反思,可贯穿于自'田永案'滥觞至今我国正当程序原则的司法适用。

After more than twenty years’development,the legitimacy for judicial application of due process principle is worth summing up.On the premise of demarcating the due process as the rule and the due process as the theory,in the judicial application,it is necessary to find the match between the basis of positive law from the sense of the behavior law and the review criteria from the sense of the judiciary law.From the view of the relationship between the due process principle and the norm of positive law,there exist three models,respectively concluded as concurrence,demonstration and vacancy,which have different interpretation paths.From the view of review criteria,there is already a dilemma between single application and optional application.To solve the legitimacy issue surrounding judicial application of due process principle,it is necessary to return to the normative position to bridge the gap between argument reason and judgment basis.Such a reconsideration makes sense while reviewing again the case of Tian Yong,which was treated as the dawn of judicial application of due process principle in China.