个人信息权作为民事权利之证成:以知识产权为参照

Justifying the Right to Personal Information as a Civil Right:Taking Intellectual Property as the Reference

个人信息有别于数据,也不同于隐私。它以个人敏感隐私信息为内核,往外扩散,其边界处于相对确定的状态。以知识产权为参照,相对确定的边界并不影响个人信息的权利化保护。以尊重人格尊严和自由为理念,以个人信息的自我决定或自我控制为理论基础,个人信息权宜定性为人格权。无形的人格特征具有财产利益,在原理上亦接近于以知识产权为代表的无形财产权。个人信息与知识产权的客体类似,均是特定的信息,其权利不能架构在占有的基础上,不是对客体的圆满状态的控制。可借鉴知识产权的'行为规制权利化'的构建路径,以同意、访问、查阅、抄录、复制、更正、删除等具体行为为支点,形成包含个人信息利用的知情权、个人信息利用的决定权以及保护个人信息完整准确权这三方面内容的个人信息权。个人信息权可以满足绝对权的特征,融入民事权利体系中的绝对权大家庭。

Personal information is different from data and privacy.It diffuses by taking personal sensitive information as the core,and its boundary is in a relatively certain state.By taking intellectual property as the reference,relatively certain boundary does not affect the right protection of personal information.With the idea of respecting personal dignity and freedom,personal information right should be classified as personality right on the basis of self-determination or self-control of personal information.Intangible personality characteristics have property interests and are in principle close to intangible property right represented by intellectual property.Personal information is similar to the object of intellectual property,it is specific information and its right cannot be structured on the basis of possession,and it does not control completely over the object.On the contrary,it adopts the absolute right path of making behavioral regulation as the right to form three types of rights including the right to know the utilization of personal information,the right to decide the use of personal information,and the right to ensure the integrity and accuracy of personal information by taking the specific acts such as consent,access,reference,transcribing,copying,correcting and deleting as the fulcrums.The right to personal information can satisfy the characteristics of absolute right and integrate into the absolute right family in the civil right system.