大学教学设计:历史、实践与管理——美国经验研究

College Instructional Design: History, Practices and Management:A Study of American Experiences

通过介绍美国教学设计的历史、实践与管理,总结和分析美国大学教学设计的经验、成就与教训。据此,对在中国高校推动大学教学设计工作提出四点建议:(1)高校要认识到,大学教学和大学教学研究正在从经验走向科学,已经变成一项专业活动,大学需要培养大批教学设计师为一线教师提供专业的教学咨询服务;(2)大学应普遍设置教学设计师岗位和建立教师发展中心,这是通过教学设计专业化推动高校以学生为中心的本科教学改革的重要组织措施;(3)中国可以通过研究生培养和在岗学习的方式加快培养大批教学设计师;(4)中国应重视专业和课程两个层次的教学法研究,以加强教学咨询的针对性,提高教学咨询的效果和效益。

By introducing the history,basic design models and working process,administration and personnel training of instructional design(ID)in American colleges and universities,we summarizes and analyzes the achievements,experiences and lessons of ID in American colleges and universities.We made four suggestions for promoting ID in China:(1)the leaders of Chinese colleges and universities should realize that scholarship of teaching and learning and ID are moving from experience to science and ID has becoming a professional activity.China needs to train a large number of instructional designers to provide professional assistances for front-line teachers in order to promoting student-centered education improvement;(2)Chinese universities need to set up the ID posts and establish faculty development center,which are two important organizational measure to promote the student-centered education reform in China through ID institutionalization;(3)China should accelerate training of a large number of ID professionals through postgraduate training and on-the-job learning;(4)Chinese ID professionals should attach importance to the studies of signature pedagogies at program and course levels,strengthen the pertinence of pedagogical consultation,and improve its effectiveness and efficiency.