学术职业流动:中日对比研究——中国M大学与日本N大学的教师流动情况实证分析

Academic Career Mobility: A Comparative Study between China and Japan: An Empirical Analysis of Teacher Mobility between M University in China and N University in Japan

学术职业流动日益成为一国高等教育内涵式发展的关键表征。中日两国地域临近、文化接近,但在学术职业流动理念、实践和未来趋势上存在显著差异。通过引入简历分析法,对中日两所顶级高校学术职业流动规律进行分析,并从流动范围、流动强度、流动时段三个方面综合对比分析了两国学术职业流动特征与规律。研究发现,在流动强度上,中国大学教师学术流动强于日本,工作流动弱于日本;在流动范围上,中国比日本更为广泛;在流动时期上,受国情和政策影响,两国不同历史阶段学术职业流动存在差异,并表现出不同的未来趋势。中国与日本相比,近年来通过学术职业国际化逐步实现了向日本等国的追赶,学术职业流动从少到多、从数量到质量、从无序到有序,但也仍然存在学术职业工作流动偏低、近亲繁殖较为严重等问题,日本的部分学术职业流动规律对于中国学术职业发展仍然具有借鉴意义。

Academic career mobility has increasingly become a key representation of the connotation development of higher education in a country.China and Japan have similar geographical locations and close cultures,but there are significant differences in the concept,practice and future trends of academic career mobility.Through the analysis of the academic mobility patterns of the two top universities in China and Japan by the method of CV analysis,the characteristics and laws of the academic career mobility of the two countries are comprehensively analyzed from three aspects:mobility scope,mobility intensity and mobility time.The study found that in terms of mobility intensity,the academic mobility of Chinese university teachers is stronger than that of Japan,and the professional mobility is weaker than Japan.In terms of mobility scope,China is more extensive than Japan.In terms of the period of mobility,influenced by national conditions and policies,there are differences in the academic career mobility between different historical stages of the two countries,also showing different future trends.This study found that compared with Japan,China has gradually pursued the pursuit of Japan and other countries through academic professional internationalization in recent years that the mobility of academic careers is from small to large,from quantity to quality and from disorder to order.However,there are still problems such as low academic career professional mobility intensity and serious inbreeding.Some of Japan’s academic career mobility laws still have reference significance for China’s academic career development.