阶层壁垒与信息鸿沟:新高考改革背景之下的升学信息支持

Class Barrier and Information Gap:Understanding the Influence of Information Support on the Students' National College Entrance Exam Performance in China

为促进学生全面而个性化的发展,缓减高考的过度应试压力,新高考改革突出了升学选择的多元性和选择性,但其复杂的制度设计也导致信息占用成为新的升学竞争点,从而影响不同阶层学生的教育获得。基于新高考试点地区的调查,从家庭、市场、学校三个视角,实证考察升学信息支持的多元路径及其对不同阶层教育获得的影响作用。研究发现:新高考制度之下,家庭社会经济属性依然对子代的教育获得具有重要影响,而升学信息支持则进一步扩大了阶层差距;新高考制度设计的复杂性使得传统意义上的父母升学参与趋于失效;新高考制度设计的复杂性催生了市场化升学咨询产业的扩大,其效用更为显著地转化为优势阶层的高考分数增量;值得欣慰的是,高中所提供的升学指导和生涯教育能够发挥充足的补偿效应,避免弱势群体在升学竞争中陷入信息不完全的困境,缩小教育获得中的阶层差距。

In 2014,Chinese government has announced a major reform of the national college entrance exam,designed to make the selection of students and their enrollment in universities a more scientific and fair procedure and promote education for students’all-around development.Under the reforms,students will be given more flexibility and autonomy.Using data from high school student survey,the purpose of this study is to examine the possible link between admission information support and exam performance.The major findings are summarized as follows:①socioeconomic status is associated with significant differences in exam performance,advantaged students tend to outscore their disadvantaged peers;②the complexity of college application process limits the effectiveness of parental educational involvement;③with the reform,the new selection and enrollment rules have spawned the emergence of the private admission counselling industry which significantly improves the exam scores of advantaged students;④school counselling has compensation effects on disadvantaged students’exam scores.