论本科教育从“教学范式”向“学习范式”的整体性变革——以知识范式转换为视角

On the Overall Transformation of Undergraduate Education from“Instruction Paradigm” to “Learning Paradigm”: from the Perspective of Knowledge Paradigm Shift

我们处在一个更加不确定性时代,加速了确定性知识向不确定性知识的范式转换。面向不确定性知识,本科教育的价值诉求发生了根本性变化,倡导培养学生创新思维,强化教育过程学生主体性发挥,注重教育内容的生成性,关注教育价值的个体性。然而,我国本科教育仍然停留在确定性知识范式之中,由此造成本科教育改革的诸多实践困境。这就需要推进本科教育从'教学范式'向'学习范式'的整体性变革,在学校宏观层面回归学生中心,构建以学习为中心的大学;中观层面的专业课程设置要回归全人教育的价值目标,强化跨学科知识的整合;微观层面要加强师生互动,回归师生共同体,促进学生产生有意义学习。

We are now in a more uncertain era,in which the paradigm shift from certain knowledge to uncertain knowledge is being accelerated.Faced with uncertain knowledge,the value appeal of undergraduate education has changed fundamentally,including advocating the cultivation of students’innovative thinking,strengthening the development of students’subjectivity in the process of education,paying attention to the generation of educational content,and the individuality of educational value.However,China’s undergraduate education still stays in the certain knowledge paradigm,which causes many practical difficulties in undergraduate education reform.Promoting the overall change of undergraduate education from'instruction paradigm'to'learning paradigm'is required accordingly.In detail,returning to student-centered from the macro level of the university and building a learning-centered university is necessary,returning to the value goal of whole-person education from the meso level of professional curriculum design and strengthening the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge is also important,and strengthening the teacher-student interaction at the micro level,returning to the teacher-student community and promoting student to produce meaningful learning should be emphasized.