外来的和尚会念经?——“海归”与本土学者职业特征之比较

Does Visiting Monks Chant Scriptures Better? A Comparison of Professional Characteristics between “Returned” Scholars and Native Scholars

对35所研究型大学3 614名教师的问卷调查显示,在控制相关变量的情况下,海归学者相对于本土学者在高层次人才分布、探索精神和风险偏好、国际交流压力以及税前收入上具有一定的优势,其中以最高学位来自境外名校、有2年及以上境外工作/博士后经历的1型海归和最高学位来自境内高校、有2年及以上境外工作/博士后经历的5型海归表现最为突出。海归学者在理工农医领域的SCI/SSCI发表、同行认可感上并无优势,在制度期待上希望改善教学管理、职称晋升和科研资助制度。研究认为,应建立合理的人才观,提供公平的学术竞争平台,同时鼓励本土学者留学深造。

A questionnaire survey of 3 614 teachers in 35 research universities shows that,under the control of relevant variables,returnees have certain advantages over native scholars in terms of the distribution of highlevel talents,exploratory spirit and risk preference,international communication pressure,as well as pretax income.Among them,the type 1 returnees,whose highest degree come from famous overseas universities and have two years of overseas work/postdoctoral experience and the type 5 returnees,whose highest degree come from native universities and have two years of overseas work/postdoctoral experience are outstanding.Returnees have no advantage in SCI/SSCI publication in the field of science,technology,agriculture and medical sciences and peer recognition feeling.In terms of system expectation,returnees hope to improve teaching management,title promotion and scientific research funding system.According to the study,we should establish a reasonable talent concept,provide a fair platform for academic competition,and encourage native scholars to study abroad for further study.