论大学学科概念

On the Concept of University Discipline

学科概念并非大学所独有,社会一般的学科概念主要作为知识分类的单位。在高等教育领域,学科已经成为热点词汇,学科对大学的重要性也引起了广泛的关注。大学学科是围绕办学定位、教师和学生等三大因素以及他们之间的关系所建构起来的知识体系。作为大学实现其功能的核心载体,大学学科的内涵主要表现为三种形态:根据人才培养需要组织起来的专门的知识体系;根据科研发展要求所建构的知识范畴;根据社会服务需要所划分的工作领域。大学学科的外显形式可概括为:组织化、层次化、定向(人)化和项目化。通过这些形式,无形的学科得以化为有形的组织单元,并在大学办学过程中不断地发挥功能。

The concept of discipline is not only for universities.The general concept of discipline is mainly used as a unit of knowledge classification.In the field of higher education,discipline has become a hot topic,and the importance of disciplines to universities has also attracted broad attention.The university discipline is a knowledge system which constructed according to the three major factors of institutional position orientation,faculty and students,and the relationship between them.As the core element for the university to realize its functions,the connotation of university discipline is mainly reflected in three forms:a specialized knowledge system organized according to the needs of student training;a knowledge category constructed according to the requirements of research development;and a work area divided according to the needs of social services.The external forms of university discipline can be summarized as:organization,hierarchy,orientation(personalization)and projectization.Through these forms,intangible disciplines can be transformed into tangible organizational units and continue to play an important role in the process of running a university.