世界一流大学的建设与评价:国际经验与中国探索

Construction and Evaluation of World-class Universities:International Experience and Chinese Exploration

'双一流'建设的目标是建设世界一流大学,建设世界一流大学离不开国际标准与国际参照。在全球两大高等教育体系中,盎格鲁-撒克逊体系传统上遵循市场逻辑,奉行自由主义理念,认为世界一流大学是自由竞争的产物。罗马体系遵循行政逻辑,奉行国家主义理念,强调世界一流大学的产生是政府指定的。东亚地区的高等教育具有浓厚的欧洲大陆体系色彩。与此相适应,盎格鲁-撒克逊体系实行院校自主的改进性评估,罗马体系实行政府主导的问责性评估。'双一流'建设需要国际可比指标,我们可以通过世界大学排行榜的元评估解析出有用的评价标准。'双一流'建设的元评估包括技术性维度和合法性维度。通过对QS、THE、U.S.News、ARWU的元评估,发现世界大学排行榜在技术性标准上存在缺憾,在合法性标准上严重不足。因此,不能直接将其作为'双一流'建设动态监测和成效评价的依据。

The goal of'Double First-Class'Construction is to build world-class universities,which is inseparable from international standards and international references.In the world’s two largest systems of higher education,the Anglo-Saxon system has traditionally followed the logic of the market,embraced liberal ideals and regarded world-class universities as products of free competition.The Roman system follows administrative logic,pursues the idea of nationalism,and emphasizes that the creation of world-class universities is designated by the government.Higher education in east Asia has a strong European continental color.In line with this,the AngloSaxon system carried out independent improvement assessment,while the Roman system carried out governmentled accountability assessment.The construction of'Double First-Class'requires international comparable indicators,and useful evaluation criteria can be analyzed through the meta-assessment of world university rankings.The meta-evaluation of'Double First-Class'Construction includes the technical dimension and the legal dimension.Through meta-evaluation of QS,THE,U.S.News and ARWU,we find that the world university ranking list is deficient in technical standards and seriously deficient in legal standards.Therefore,it cannot be directly used as the basis for dynamic monitoring and effectiveness evaluation of'Double First-Class'Construction.