中国博士毕业生的就业选择与流动趋向研究——以教育部直属高校为例

Research on Employment Choice and Flow Trend of Chinese Doctoral Graduates:Taking Universities Directly Under the Ministry of Education as an Example

当前我国高校博士毕业生保持了较高的就业率,绝大部分博士毕业生选择了签约就业,继续深造的比例有所提高。与国外相比,我国博士毕业生在学术和高等教育系统内部向上流动的比例偏低,流向非高校的各类事业单位的比例较高,流向工业部门的比例虽不高但流速较快。博士毕业生在就业区域选择上,呈现出以属地为圆心向周边地区递减的格局和态势。博士人才的环流过程中,东部和西部地区为博士人才净流入地,中部地区承担着同时向东部和西部地区高校输出优秀生源的角色,博士人才回流的比例较低。我国大学应进一步优化学术环境,提升学术职业的吸引力,提高博士研究生在学术内外部门从事科研的能力和水平。中部省份应主动招揽区域科教中心溢出的博士毕业生,积极联络和吸纳本省籍博士毕业生回流就业。

PhD graduates in colleges and universities in China have maintained a high employment rate at present.Most doctoral graduates have signed up for employment,and the proportion of those who purse further studies has increased.Compared with foreign countries,the proportion of Chinese doctoral graduates moving upwards within the academic and higher education systems is relatively low,and the proportion of those who was enrolled in public institutions is relatively high.The proportion of those who entered to the industrial sector is not high but the flowing rate is relatively fast.In the selection of employment areas,PhD graduates prefer their original working or living place than the surrounding areas.Not to mention even farther areas.In the circulation of doctoral talents,the eastern and western regions are the net inflows of doctoral talents.The central region bears the role of exporting excellent students to the universities in the eastern and western regions,but the proportion of their returning is low.Chinese universities should further enhance the academic environment,the academic attractions,and the level of doctoral research in academic and external departments.The central provinces should take the initiative to recruit PhD graduates that overflow of academic from the regional science and education centers,and actively contact and enroll the return of doctoral graduates with household register of the local province.