中国钢铁行业能源环境效率分析——基于工业企业微观数据

Energyand Environment Efficiency of China's Iron and Steel Industry:Based on the firm-level data

钢铁行业是国民经济重要的支柱型产业,1996年以来中国钢铁行业在产能上取得了飞速且长足的发展。但与此同时,巨大的能源消耗和较低的生产技术效率使中国钢铁工业陷入了"大而不强"的困境,这不但为国家带来能源安全和环境污染问题,且大量的二氧化碳排放为气候变化问题也造成了极大压力。本文基于工业企业微观数据,利用将能源使用和环境污染排放纳入其中的方向性距离函数模型对2001—2005年我国钢铁行业2973个企业级样本进行了能源环境效率测算,进而采用广义线性回归法对中国钢铁企业能源环境效率影响因素进行了计量回归分析。研究结果显示,2005年中国钢铁企业能源环境效率出现了一次严重倒退,钢铁企业所处地区、企业规模、企业所有制、生产产品种类、企业年龄和资本劳动比均对钢铁企业的能源环境效率有显著影响。

Chin's iron and steel industry is regarded as the underpinning of national economy and has made an impressive progress in the past decades since China became the world's largest steel producer in 1996.Meanwhile,due to the huge energy consumption and low technical efficiency,Chin's iron and steel industry is entrapped in the dilemma 'large but not strong'.This situation not only exerts enormous pressure on energy resources security as well as environmental pollution but also causes increasing carbon dioxide emissions which may lead to global warming.The objective of this study is to estimate energy efficiency of China's iron and steel industry based on the firm-level data and to analyze the factors affecting the energy efficiency.An index of energy and environment efficiency is introduced based on directional slacks-based distance measure model.At last,energy and environment index is adopted to measure the energy efficiency of Chin's iron and steel industry using 2973 firm-level samples during 2001 and 2005.In addition,generalized linear model is applied to analyze the factors which can influence the energy and environment efficiency of China's iron and steel enterprises.Following conclusions are drawn:the energy and environment efficiency of China's iron and steel industry once fell back in 2005.Firm's region,size,ownership,product,age and capital labor ratio can all significantly influence its energy and environment efficiency.