我国果树产业新旧动能转换之我见Ⅱ:以优质、晚熟、耐贮品种为主的品种结构助力我国苹果和梨产业高效发展

Variety structure with high-quality, late-maturing and storage-tolerant varieties as the main driving force for the efficient development of apple and pear industry in China

苹果和梨是保障我国水果市场周年供应的大宗水果。从经济社会发展水平及消费习惯等角度分析了国内外苹果产业品种结构的差异、产生原因及我国梨熟期育种、品种结构及产业现状。结果表明,作为世界上最大的水果消费国,以优质、晚熟、耐贮品种为主的品种结构是助力我国苹果和梨产业高效发展、保障我国高端水果市场周年和稳定供应最为经济有效的技术途径。优质、耐贮、晚熟‘红富士’苹果品种的引种和持续多代的芽变选种,有效推动了我国苹果产业的高效发展,保障了我国苹果消费市场的周年供应;以晚熟‘砀山酥’为主栽品种的梨产业,果农和经销商的盈利空间有限,建议进一步加大力度,选育和推广优质、耐贮、极晚熟梨品种(如‘山农酥’),以满足优质大梨市场的周年供应,提振消费者信心,撬动我国梨产业高效发展。

Apples and pears are the first and second largest fruit of deciduous fruit trees in China,and they are also the main fruits to guarantee the annual supply of fruit market in China.From the view of economic and social development level and consumption habits,the differences of apple varieties structure between China and foreign countries and their causes were analyzed.The results showed that,as the largest fruit consumer in the world,the variety structure with high-quality,late-maturing and storage-tolerance was the most economical and effective technological way to promote the efficient development of apple and pear industry and to guarantee the annual circulation and stable supply of high-end fruit market in China.Therefore,the introduction of‘Red Fuji’apple with high-quality,storage-tolerant and late-maturing and the selection of multi-generational bud mutation have promoted the efficient development of apple industry,and guaranteed the annual circulation supply of apple consumer market in China.However,the pear industry with late-maturing‘Dangshansu’as the main cultivar has limited profit margin for growers and distributors.Therefore,it is suggested that further efforts should be made to select and popularize high-quality and late-maturing pear cultivars such as‘Shannongsu’,so as to meet the annual circulation supply of high-quality pear market,boost consumer confidence and promote the efficient development of pear industry in China.