二甲戊乐灵在枣树多倍体诱变中的应用初探

Preliminary study on the application of pendimethalin in polyploid breeding of Chinese jujube

以‘月光’枣为试材,研究除草剂二甲戊乐灵在枣树上的多倍体诱变效果,包括二甲戊乐灵浓度、作用时间、施用时期对愈伤组织形成、芽再生及多倍体诱变的影响等。结果表明:二甲戊乐灵明显抑制了枣愈伤组织生长和芽再生,且随着浓度(0.01%～0.1%)的升高,出愈率和单枝截面出芽数均呈逐渐下降趋势;作用时间(12～48 h)对愈伤组织生长及芽再生能力影响的差异不明显;随着施用时期(6～10 d)的推移,单枝截面出芽数增多,截枝处理10 d后施用二甲戊乐灵的出愈率、单枝截面出芽数均最高;优化后的条件下,即二甲戊乐灵浓度0.025%～0.05%,作用时间24～48 h,施用时期为愈伤组织诱导(施用4.0 mg/L TDZ+2.0 mg/L AgNO_3,12～14 h)6～10 d后,获得了80个再生芽,成功诱变出3个四倍体再生芽;与秋水仙素相比,二甲戊乐灵诱导的出芽时期晚10 d左右,出芽总数较低,但其诱导的芽变异率为3.57%,较秋水仙素诱导的高659.57%。

The application of pendimethalin,a novel polyploid agent for Chinese jujube,on‘Yueguang’jujube was explored to establish a suitable polyploid induction method.The prior concentration,duration and application time of pendimethalin were settled and we evaluated pendimethalin induction efficiency.Pendimethalin evidently inhibited the callus growth and shoot regeneration.The regeneration of callus and bud decreased gradually with the increase of pendimethalin concentration(0.01%~0.1%),and extended when polyploid induction commencement on 6 d to 10 d after TDZ treatment,approaching the top on 10 d.No significant effect on callus growth and shoot regeneration was observed when inducted 12 h to 48 h.The suitable induction protocol was applying pendimethalin(0.025%~0.05%)on callus(for about24~48 h)on 6~10 d after callus induction with thidiazuro(4.0 mg/L TDZ+2.0 mg/L AgNO3 for 12~14 h),especially 10 d after induction.The modified protocol successfully caused three tetraploid regenerated shoots emerging out of all the 80 branches in this test.When compared with traditional mutagenic agent colchicine,pendimethalin treatment produced fewer regeneration buds,emerging 10 d later as well,yet higher mutation ratio(3.57%),which was 659.57%higher than colchicine induced.