菌剂和有机质处理对苹果园土壤微生物和果实品质的影响

Effects of inoculate and organic matter treatment on soil microbes and apple fruit quality in orchard

研究施用菌剂和有机质处理对苹果园土壤微生物和果实品质的影响,以探究提高苹果品质的措施。以’新红星’苹果为试验材料,设置菌剂和有机质的不同处理,测定不同处理条件下苹果园土壤微生物和果实品质的变化情况。结果表明,有机肥菌剂与有机肥生物炭处理土壤中的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均高于有机肥氮肥和有机肥处理,有机肥菌剂处理单果重比有机肥处理增加了5.72%,果实硬度比有机肥处理和有机肥氮肥处理分别下降了7.73%、5.48%,可溶性固形物含量分别比有机肥生物炭和有机肥氮肥处理提高了12.61%、6.75%,可溶性糖含量分别比有机肥处理与有机肥氮肥处理增加了9.02%、15.11%。’新红星’的主要挥发性香气是酯类,有机肥生物炭处理和有机肥菌剂处理的果实中共检测到35种酯类物质,2-甲基丁酸丁酯在酯类中含量最高,有机肥菌剂处理果实的酯类含量最高。有机肥菌剂处理和有机肥生物炭处理均可增加土壤微生物数量,提高苹果品质。

The effects of fungicide and organic matter treatment on soil microorganisms and apple quality in orchards were studied,and the measures to improve apple quality were explored.The’Starkrimson’apple was used as the test material,and different treatments of inoculate and organic matter were set up to determine the soil microbes and apple quality.The results showed that the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi treated by microbial organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer biochar was higher than that of organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer.The microbial organic fertilizer single fruit weight increased by 5.72%compared with organic fertilizer,the hardness decreased by 7.73%and 5.48%compared with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer,and the soluble solids increased by 12.61%and 6.75%,respectively,compared with organic fertilizer biochar and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer treatment.Soluble sugar increased by 9.02%and 15.11%compared with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer.The main volatile aroma of’Starkrimson’is ester,35 kinds of esters are detected by organic fertilizer hiochar and microbial organic fertilizer treatment,butyl 2-methylbutyrate is the highest in ester,and microbial organic fertilizer is the highest.Both the inoculate organic fertilizer treatment and the organic fertilizer biochar treatment can increase the number of soil microorganisms and improve the quality of apples.