山东烟台苹果产区土壤pH值、有机质含量和速效养分含量调查

Analysis of soil pH, organic matter and available nutrient contents in apple growing areas of Yantai in Shandong

为明确山东省烟台市苹果主产区果园土壤pH值、有机质含量和速效养分含量特征,采集了蓬莱、栖霞、牟平、龙口等4个市(区)共854个苹果园土壤样品,分析了土壤pH值、有机质含量和土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量。结果表明:烟台市苹果园土壤pH值平均为5.33,以栖霞市最低,为4.86;牟平区最高,为5.75。有机质含量平均为11.4g/kg,以龙口市最低,为9.6g/kg;栖霞市最高,为14.5g/kg。碱解氮含量平均为104.5mg/kg,以龙口市最低,为93.1 mg/kg;栖霞市最高,为119.5 mg/kg。速效磷和速效钾含量分别平均为60.2、168.6mg/kg,均以蓬莱市最低,分别为54.1、151.1 mg/kg;牟平区最高,分别为67.0、191.4 mg/kg。整体来看,烟台市苹果园表现为土壤酸化,碱解氮和速效磷含量偏高,速效钾含量处于适宜水平,有机质含量偏低。

A total of 854 apple orchard soil samples were collected from Penglai,Qixia,Muping and Longkou in Yantai city to determine soil pH,organic matter and soil available nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium.The results showed that the average pH of apple orchard soil in Yantai production area was 5.33,and the lowest in Qixia production area was 4.86;Muping was the highest producing area at 5.75.The average organic matter content was 11.4 g/kg,and the lowest was 9.6 g/kg in Longkou;Qixia was the highest producing area at 14.5 g/kg.The average content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was 104.5 mg/kg,with the lowest content in Longkou(93.1 mg/kg);Qixia was the highest producing area at 119.5 mg/kg.The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were 60.2 mg/kg and 168.6 mg/kg respectively,which were the lowest in Penglai region,54.1 mg/kg and 151.1 mg/kg respectively;Muping was the highest producing area with 67.0 mg/kg and 191.4 mg/kg respectively.On the whole,the soil of apple orchards in Yantai production area is characterized by soil acidification,high content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus,appropriate content of available potassium and low organic matter.