宋代海盗成员的构成与国家治理的制度安排

The Compositions of Pirates and the Arrangements of National Governance in Song Dynasty

宋代的海盗,来自不同的社会阶层,有地痞无赖、不法商人、普通百姓,甚至还有违法的官兵。宋政府治理海盗主要采取招抚的政策,辅以一些具体的措施,如建立沿海各区域的协同配合机制,实施保伍法,改革地方的军政体制,强化铜盐之禁。由于海盗的收益远大于其违法成本,且得到了沿海地区百姓的支持及胥吏、官兵的庇护,政策很难奏效。

During Song Dynasty ,the pirates came from different social strata ,including rogues ,un‐scrupulous businessmen ,ordinary people ,and even illegal soldiers .T he government chiefly took pacifica‐tion policy to deal with pirates ,and supplemented it with some specific measures ,such as the establish‐ment of coordination mechanisms in coastal regions ,the implementation of Baow u system ,the reform of local military and political systems ,and the strict control of copper and salt .These measures proved to be ineffective because pirates'gains were far greater than the cost they paid ,and they usually got supports from common people in coastal areas ,petty officials ,soldiers and officers .