“冰上丝绸之路”建设中北极国际合作机制的重塑

Rebuilding the Arctic International Cooperative Mechanismin the Construction of "Silk Road on Ice"

北极理事会和《联合国海洋法公约》作为在北极地区最具影响力的合作机制,对北极国际合作发挥着极其重要的作用。但北极理事会作为政府间合作的高级论坛仍存在排斥域外国家、自身存在功能性缺陷以及内部矛盾难以解决的困境;而《联合国海洋法公约》存在有关北极国际合作的条款缺失、修改困难和涉及北极地区条款表达模糊而缺乏权威性等方面的不足;此外,美国北极政策走向不明、北极地区竞争加剧和北极问题多样化也使得北极国际合作前途不明。现有的国际合作机制因存在不同程度的弊端难以为北极国际合作提供保障,共建"冰上丝绸之路"对于北极国际合作的重塑有积极的推动作用,有助于克服目前北极国际合作中的存在的弊端,为北极域内外国家参与北极国际合作提供平台,以国际合作来缓解北极地区的地缘政治压力并改善合作环境。在北极国际合作机制重塑的过程中,各国若利用好"冰上丝绸之路"这个合作平台,在努力整合北极现有国际合作机制的基础上共同塑造符合北极地区未来发展的合作机制,官方与民间外交相结合、促进多种合作方式协同进行,将会促进北极国际合作的进一步发展。

Arctic international cooperation is proceeding under the effect of Arctic regional organizations like Arctic Council and international laws like United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea;nevertheless, the existing international cooperative mechanism has various deficiencies so that it cannot safeguard Arctic international cooperation. The rise of constructing 'Ice Silk Road' was at the right time to resolve the Arctic international cooperation’s dilemmas. China and all parties’ construction of 'Silk Road on Ice' is conductive to overcoming Arctic international cooperation’s deficiencies, offering a platform for Arctic countries and other countries to participate in Arctic international cooperation so as to alleviate Arctic geopolitical pressure and improve Arctic cooperation environment. In the process of constructing Arctic international cooperative mechanism, all parties should use 'Silk Road on Ice' as a platform to rebuild cooperation mechanism which conforms to future Arctic development on the basis of integration of Arctic existing international cooperation mechanism and which will promote further development of Arctic international cooperation by combining official and non-governmental diplomacy and pushing multiple cooperation.