北京市部分餐厅禁烟政策实施的效果评价

Effect evaluation on smoke-free policy implementation in selected restaurants in Beijing

目的了解餐厅的禁烟标志设置、吸烟相关用品、烟草销售和烟草促销广告等方面的情况。方法采用典型定额方便抽样的方法,对北京市18个区县的399家不同类型餐馆进行暗访观察。结果本次调查了283家普通餐厅、99家快餐厅、17家单位食堂,其中,210家为无烟餐厅、189家为非无烟餐厅。所有的餐厅都有无烟标识,23.3%的普通餐厅、8.0%的快餐厅、11.8%均发现有烟灰缸,7.6%的无烟餐厅发现烟灰缸、31.7%的非无烟餐厅发现烟灰缸。调查员在14.1%的普通餐厅、8.1%的快餐厅、11.8%的单位食堂发现有人吸烟。16.6%的普通餐厅有烟草销售,1家快餐厅和2个单位食堂发现有烟草销售的情况存在。40.6%的普通餐厅划有吸烟区和非吸烟区,但44.9%的吸烟区和非吸烟区的空气可流通,21.2%的普通餐厅设有单独的吸烟室。14.1%的快餐厅划有吸烟区和非吸烟区,但24.2%的吸烟区和非吸烟区的空气可流通,9.1%的快餐厅设有单独的吸烟室。23.5%的单位食堂划有吸烟区和非吸烟区,但11.8%的吸烟区和非吸烟区的空气可流通,5.9%的单位食堂设有单独的吸烟室。结论快餐厅和单位食堂的禁烟情况好于普通餐厅,无烟餐厅的禁烟情况好于非无烟餐厅。但无烟餐厅还存在吸烟情况、烟草广告和吸烟区的情况,没有达到无烟餐厅的标准,因此,在一些硬件方面和管理方面还有待加强。

Objective To investigate the effect of implementing'Smoke-free Policy'in selected restaurants,including No Smoking logo,ashtray and lighter,cigarette selling and advertising,etc. Methods A typical norm convenience sample including 399 restaurants were selected from 18 districts in Beijing. Including 283 ordinary restaurants,99 fast food restaurants and 17 canteens. In theses restaurants,210 restaurants implemented smoke-free policy and 189 restaurants didn’t yet. 23. 3% of the ordinary restaurants,8. 0% of the fast food restaurants,11. 8% canteens were found to have ashtray,7. 6% smoke-free restaurants and 31. 7% of non-smoking restaurants were found ashtraies. 14. 1% of the ordinary restaurants,8. 1% of the fast-food restaurants,11. 8% canteens were found someone was smoking. 16. 6% of the ordinary restaurants were selling tobacco,1 fast food restaurants and 2 canteens were selling cigarettes. 40. 6% of the ordinary restaurants had smoking and non-smoking sections,but 44. 9% of them the air could flow between smoking and non-smoking sections,21. 2% of the ordinary restaurant were equipped with a separate smoking room. 14. 1% of fast food restaurants had smoking and non-smoking sections,but 24. 2% of them the air could flow between smoking and non-smoking sections,9. 1% of fast food restaurants had a separate smoking room. 23. 5% of canteens had smoking and non-smoking sections,but11. 8% of them the air could flow between smoking and non-smoking sections,5. 9% of the canteens were equipped with a separate smoking room. Results All the restaurants had No Smoking logo,part of the smoke-free restaurants and nonsmoke-free restaurants were found ashtrays,cigarette butts. And investigators found some people smoked in these restaurants,they can smell smoky and saw smoky. A small part of ordinary restaurants sale tobacco,smoke-free fast-food restaurant did not find the presence of tobacco sales. Conclusion Fast-food restaurant and unit canteens were better than ordinary restaurants,smoke-free restaurants were better then non-smoke-free restaurants. But Smoke-free restaurants also had tobacco advertising and smoking areas,they did not achieve the smoke-free restaurant standards,therefore,they might be strengthened in the hardware and management.