2012年全国医务人员健康素养状况及影响因素分析

Health literacy and its influence factors among Chinese medical staff in 2012

目的利用2012年全国居民健康素养监测数据,了解当前我国医务人员的健康素养现状及其影响因素,为制订相关策略和措施提供科学依据。方法选择2012年全国居民健康素养监测中"职业"为"医务人员"者作为分析对象,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据清理和统计分析。结果 2012年全国居民健康素养监测共获得1248份有效的医务人员调查问卷;医务人员中城市地区者占63.54%,农村地区者占36.46%;男性占41.91%,女性占58.09%;医务人员健康素养水平为30.46%,其中城市地区医务人员健康素养水平为35.69%,农村地区为22.42%,城市高于农村(χ2=23.864,P<0.05);女性医务人员健康素养水平为33.38%,男性为27.34%,女性高于男性(χ2=5.191,P=0.023);东部地区医务人员健康素养水平为34.22%,中部地区为30.07%,西部地区为27.70%,东、中、西部地区的差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.276,P=0.118);"基本知识和理念"、"健康生活方式和行为"、"基本技能"的具备比例分别为47.68%、29.41%和30.77%;在6类问题健康素养中,安全与急救素养水平最高,为65.30%,基本医疗素养和慢性病防治素养水平相对较低,分别为27.40%和25.48%。Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度是医务人员健康素养水平的重要影响因素,文化程度越高,素养水平越高(OR=2.027,P<0.05)。结论 2012年全国医务人员健康素养水平高于同期全国居民水平,对知识的掌握情况好于行为和技能,文化程度是医务人员健康素养的独立影响因素。应采取业务培训、人员考核、行业文化倡导、职业教育等措施提高医务人员健康素养水平。

Objective The data of 2012 National Residents Health Literacy Surveillance was used to understand the status of health literacy and its influence factors among Chinese medical staff to provide evidence for the development of intervention strategies and measures. Methods The survey respondents who filled'medical staff'in the blank of'occupation'in 2012 National Residents Health Literacy Surveillance System were selected as analysis object. The data was cleaned and analyzed by SPSS 17. 0 statistical software. Results 1248 effective questionnaires of medical staff were acquired from the data of 2012 National Residents Health Literacy Surveillance. The medical staff from urban area accounted for 63. 54%.The medical staff from rural area accounted for 36. 46%. The male accounted for 41. 91%. The female accounted for58. 09%. Health literacy level of medical staff was 30. 46%. The level of urban area medical staff was 35. 69%. The level of rural area medical staff was 22. 42%. The level of urban staff was higher than the level of rural staff( χ2= 23. 864,P <0. 05). The female’s level was 33. 38%. The male’s level was 27. 34%. The female’level was higher than the male’s level( χ2= 5. 191,P = 0. 023). The level of East Region medical staff was 34. 22%. The level of Middle Region staff was30. 07%. The level of West Region staff was 27. 70%. The difference among East Region,Middle Region and West Region did not have statistical significance( χ2= 4. 276,P = 0. 118). The possession ratios of 'essential knowledge and idea','healthy lifestyle and behavior'and 'essential skills'were 47. 68%,29. 41% and 30. 77%,respectively. The literacy level of safety and first aid was the highest one among 6 kinds of issue-oriented health literacy,which was 65. 30%. The levels of essential medicine literacy and chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy were relatively low, which were27. 40% and 25. 48% respectively. The results of logistic regression showed that education was the important influence factor to the medical staff’s health literacy. Higher education,higher health literacy level( OR = 2. 027,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The health literacy level of medical staff is higher than the level of nationwide residents in 2012. The medical staff’s possession status for knowledge literacy is better than the status of behavior literacy and skills literacy. Education is the independent influence factor to the medical staff’s health literacy. The measures of professional work training,staff appraisal,profession culture advocating and vocational education should be adopted to improve medical staff’s health literacy level.