2012年上海市15～69岁居民健康素养分析研究

Study on healthy literacy among 15-69-year-old residents of Shanghai City in 2012

目的了解上海市居民健康素养的现状,为制定卫生政策和干预策略提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2012年6—8月对上海市15~69岁的常住居民进行抽样调查,并进行标化分析。结果2012年该市15~69岁居民的总体健康素养水平为19.59%,在健康素养的3个方面中,基本知识和理念素养水平为29.96%,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为21.80%,基本技能素养水平为26.76%,市民具备5类健康问题素养的比例由高到低依次为科学健康观素养43.54%、传染病防治素养33.59%、安全与急救素养32.14%、基本医疗素养17.36%和慢性病防治素养14.76%。相比2008年,除了科学健康观素养,其余素养水平均有较大幅度增长。各类人群的健康素养水平在过去5年间均有不同程度的提升,但农村居民、低龄高龄人群、文化程度较低的人群健康素养水平较低,有待今后强化干预。结论健康素养干预成效显现,但仍有较大提升空间。

Objective To know about the current health literacy status of Shanghai residents and make scientific suggestions for development of health policy and health education intervention. Methods Multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in the surveillance and permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Shanghai City were investigated,and the data has been standardized adjusted. Results The overall level of adjusted health literacy( AHL) among the Shanghai City residents in 2012 was 19. 59%. The AHL rates in the three aspects of health literacy,i. e.,basic heath concept and knowledge,health lifestyle and behaviors,and health related skills was 29. 96%,21. 80% and 26. 76%. The AHL rate of 5 health issues as to scientific attitude towards health,infectious diseases prevention,health safety and first aid,basic medical care,and chronic diseases prevention among the whole Shanghai residents was 43. 54%,33. 59%,32. 14%,17. 36%,and 14. 76%,respectively. Compared to 2008,there was a general revaluation of other aspects of health literacy but not the scientific attitude towards health. The AHL rates of all types of people increased a lot in the past five years. But the AHL rate among rural residents,younger people and elderly people,low education level people was still at a low level which needs strengthened interventions in the future. Conclusion The interventions of health literacy has worked brilliantly,but there is still much room for improvement.