甘肃省回族地区农村中小学生心理健康状况及其与生活事件的关系研究

Relationship between mental health and life events among primary and middle school students in Hui nationnality rural area of Gansu Province

目的了解甘肃省回族地区农村中小学生心理健康状况,及其与生活事件的关系。方法以甘肃省临夏回族自治州306名农村中小学生作为研究对象,采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)和青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)测量心理健康状况和生活事件,MHT总分>65分认定存在心理障碍。结果心理问题检出率为1.31%,女生的恐怖倾向高于男生[(4.3±2.5)vs(3.6±2.4),P<0.05],汉族学生的学习焦虑高于少数民族学生[(8.4±2.5)vs(7.7±2.3),P<0.05],小学生的恐怖倾向高于初中学生[(4.2±2.4)vs(3.6±2.4),P<0.05];父母都外出学生的心理健康总分、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、身体状况和恐怖倾向高于父母无外出和父母1人在家的学生(P<0.01);父母都外出学生的自责倾向高于父母无外出的学生[(5.8±2.1)vs(5.0±2.2),P<0.05];与父母感情亲密学生的心理健康总分低于与父母感情很淡的学生[(39.3±12.2)vs(48.8±5.8),P<0.05];与父母感情亲密学生的孤独倾向低于感情很淡和一般的学生(P<0.01);与父母感情亲密和一般学生的身体症状得分低于感情很淡的学生(P<0.01);相关分析表明甘肃省少数民族地区农村中小学生MHT总分与ASLEC总分及人际关系、健康适应因子分呈正相关(r=0.15~0.22,P<0.01);多元逐步回归分析表明,父母外出多(χ2=0.188,P<0.01)、与父母感情淡漠(χ2=-0.133,P<0.05)和负性生活事件中健康适应刺激量高(χ2=0.217,P<0.01)的甘肃省少数民族地区农村中小学生MHT得分越高。结论甘肃省少数民族地区中小学生心理健康水平整体良好,非留守的甘肃省少数民族地区农村中小学生心理健康水平好于留守学生心理健康水平,该地区中小学生的心理健康水平可能与父母的外出情况、与父母的关系以及负性生活事件刺激量相关。

Objective To understand mental health status and its relationship with life events among students of primary and middle schools in rural minority areas of Gansu Province.Methods 306 students of rural primary and middle schools in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province were chosen as research subjects.Mental Health Test(MHT) and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC) were used to measure mental health and life events,and MHT score > 65 was used for mental disorder definition.Results The rate of mental disorder in the sample was1.31%.The score of terror tendency in girls was worse than that in boys [(4.3 ± 2.5) vs(3.6 ± 2.4),P < 0.05].The score of learning anxiety in Han students was worse than that in minority students [(8.4 ± 2.5) vs(7.7 ± 2.3),P < 0.05].The score of terror tendency in pupils was worse than that in middle school students [(4.2 ± 2.4) vs(3.6 ± 2.4),P <0.05].The scores of general health,anxiety to people,loneliness tendency,body status and terror tendency in students whose parents were both out of home were worse than that in students whose both parents at home or one of parents out of home in(P < 0.01).The score of self-blame tendency in students whose parents were both out of home was worse than that in students whose both parents at home in [(5.8 ± 2.1) vs(5.0 ± 2.2),P < 0.05].The mental health scores of the students who had emotional closeness with parents were lower than those of them who were abepithymia with parents [(39.3± 12.2) vs(48.8 ± 5.8),P < 0.05].The score of loneliness tendency in students who had emotional closeness with parents was better than the students who was abepithymia with parents and who had general feelings(P < 0.01).The body symptoms scores of the students who had emotional closeness or who had general feelings with parents were lower than those of them who were abepithymia with parents(P < 0.01).The correlation analysis showed that life events were positively correlated with mental health(r = 0.15 ~ 0.22,P < 0.01).The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the condition of parents staying at home,feelings with children(χ2=-0.133,P < 0.05) and life events could(χ2= 0.217,P <0.01) affect the mental health of the students.Conclusion Mental health of the primary and middle school students in minority rural areas of Gansu are good overall.The mental health status of non-left-behind students is better than left-behind students.Life events and family relationships are important factors that affect mental health.