武陵山区农村妇女生命质量及影响因素分析

Quality of life and its influencing factors among rural women in Wuling Mountain area

目的了解武陵山区农村妇女生命质量影响因素,为提高该地区人群的生命质量提供参考依据。方法采用一般情况调查表和WHOQOL-BREF量表对随机整群抽样的武陵山区1521名农村妇女进行调查。结果生命质量各领域得分,生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域分别为12.66±1.34、12.26±1.32、14.74±1.42和12.19±1.68。单因素分析显示年龄、婚况、文化程度、体育锻炼、家庭收入、是否患慢性病及妇科病各因素中除家庭年收入对生理领域和文化程度对社会关系领域的影响经分析差异无统计学意义外,其余各因素在生命质量各领域的得分经分析差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,生理领域得分受7个因素影响,前3位是:睡眠质量、家庭成员和睦状况、是否患慢性病;心理领域得分受9个因素影响,前3位是:年龄、家庭年收入、婚况;社会关系领域得分受5个因素影响,前3位是:是否患慢性病、家庭成员和睦状况、是否患妇科病;环境领域得分受9个因素影响,前3位是:对居住环境的满意度、家庭年收入、体育锻炼。结论武陵山区农村妇女生命质量各领域得分高于本地留守老年人。影响武陵山区农村妇女生命质量的因素是多方面的,其中睡眠质量、家庭成员和睦状况、是否患妇科病和慢性病、年龄、家庭年收入、婚况、体育锻炼、对居住环境的满意度是主要影响因素。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of quality of life(QOL) in rural women,and provide evidence for improving QOL of rural women in Wuling Mountain areas.Methods Random cluster sampling survey was conducted among 1521 rural women in the Wuling Mountain areas by general characters questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.Results The mean scores of 4 domains were: physiological field(12.66 ± 1.34),psychological field(12.26 ± 1.32),social relationship field(14.74 ± 1.42) and environmental field(12.19 ± 1.68).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant difference between QOL scores in different age,marriage condition,degree of culture,sports,chronic diseases and gynecological diseases levels(P < 0.05).Besides income on physiological domain and education on social relationships domain were no significant difference.According to multivariate analysis results,the physical domain score was influenced by 7 factors,the top three were the quality of sleep,family harmony and whether suffering from chronic diseases.The psychological domain score was influenced by 9 factors,the top three were age,family income and marital status.The social score was influenced by 5 factors,the top three were chronic diseases condition,family harmony and gynecological diseases condition.The field of environment was influenced by 9 factors,the top three were the satisfaction at living environment,family income and physical exercise.Conclusion The score of QOL of rural women in Wuling Mountain areas is higher than local left-behind elderly people.There are many aspects that influence the QOL of rural women,including sleep quality,family harmony,whether had gynecological and chronic diseases,age,family income,marital status,physical exercise and the satisfaction at living environment.