高校教职工健康素养与饮食、运动习惯研究

Study in health literacy,diet,and exercise habits among staffs in a university

目的了解教职工健康素养、饮食和运动习惯,探索健康素养与饮食、运动行为的关系,了解高校教职工的健康素养和健康行为的一致性,为进一步开展健康促进工作提供数据支持。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,对35岁以上教职工以每10岁为一组进行分组,间隔3人抽取1人。利用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据清理,采用频数、构成比、方差分析进行数据分析。结果发出问卷1049份,收回有效问卷981份,有效率97.6%,男性占44.5%,女性55.5%。27.2%(267人)为低健康素养,43.7%(429人)为中等健康素养,29.0%(284人)为高健康素养,调查对象各年龄段健康素养水平均高于2012年中国居民健康素养调查结果,35~64岁组随年龄增长呈下降趋势,65岁以上组健康素养水平回升。健康素养、性别、年龄是影响饮食和运动习惯得分的因素。饮食和运动习惯得分与健康素养水平呈现一致性,不同健康素养组的得分间的差异有统计学意义;男性低于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);年龄大者得分较高。结论该校教职工的健康素养知识和行为较为一致,这与扎实的健康教育和促进活动有关。应当重视对低年龄组和低健康素养者的健康指导和健康促进工作,督促他们形成健康生活方式,从而减少慢性病的发生和发展。

Objective To understand the health literacy,diet,and exercise habits distribution among staffs,and explore the consistency of health literacy and health behavior,and to provide data support for further health promotion.Methods Using the method of stratified random sampling,the staffs aged over 35 years old in a university were divided into groups every 10 years. Data cleaning and analysis were used by SPSS 19. 0,variance,frequency,and constituent ratio were analyzed. Results A total of 1049 questionnaires were sent out and 981 eligible questionnaires were taken back,accounting for 97. 6%. Among those respondents,44. 5% of them were men,55. 5% of them were women. 27. 2%(267) of them had low health literacy,43. 7%( 429) had middle health literacy,29. 0%( 284) had high health literacy. All age groups had higher health literacy than that of Chinese residents’ health literacy survey in 2012. The health literacy levels declined in 35- 64 years old,and then rose over 65 years old. Health literacy,gender,age were influencing factors of diet and exercise habits. Diet and exercise habits scores were consistent with health literacy level. There were statistically significant differences in every groups. The health literacy level of male was lower than that of female,there was statistically significant differences between them( P < 0. 001),the older had higher score. Conclusion The behaviors of school staffs are consistent with health literacy. The result is related to good health education and improved activity in the university. We should focus on health guidance and health promotion among lower age group and lower health literacy in order to improve them health behavior and reduce occurrence and development of chronic disease.