入院高血压患者中高血压急症(亚急症)发病率及其影响因素分析

The incidence rate of hypertensive emergency( or sub-emergency) and its affecting factor analysis of hospitalized patients with hypertension

目的了解高血压急症(亚急症)发病率及诱因,为医护人员有针对性地开展科学的健康教育打下基础。方法定量和定性研究相结合。定量研究采用多阶段抽样的方法,抽取兰州市5家三甲医院中入院患者中的604例高血压患者,采用问卷调查获得数据,并通过χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析对数据进行分析。定性研究则随机抽取50例高血压患者进行个人访谈,了解其对高血压急症(亚急症)的认识和感受。结果定量研究结果显示,高血压急症(亚急症)发病率为21.9%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大,发病率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);回族的发病率(42.3%)显著高于汉族(19.6%)(P<0.01);服药依从性佳者的发病率(27.6%)显著低于服药依从性差者(11.9%)(P<0.01)。定性研究结果显示,入院高血压患者对高血压急症(亚急症)的危害性认识深刻,表现出积极应对的决心。结论年龄、民族、服药依从性是入院高血压患者中高血压急症(亚急症)发病的主要影响因素。因此,实施健康教育和提高服药应从性是预防高血压急症(亚急症)的发生和提高高血压患者的生活质量的重要策略。

Objective To know the incidence rate and inducement of hypertensive emergency(or sub-emergency),and then provide basis for doctors and nurses to carry out health education. Methods Quantitative and qualitative studies were combined. Quantitative research: the multi-stage sampling method and a questionnaire survey were used among604 hypertensive patients and their affecting factors were analyzed. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Qualitative research: 50 hypertensive patients were randomly sampled to investigate their knowledge and feelings on hypertensive emergency( or sub-emergency) through interviews. Results The quantitative research indicated the incidence rate of hypertensive emergency( or sub-emergency) was 21. 9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence rate statistically rose with the increase of patients’ ages( P < 0. 05); the Hui people(42. 3%) had significantly higher incidence rate than the Han people(19. 6%); the patients with better compliance to antihypertension therapy( 27. 6%) had significantly higher incidence rate than those with worse compliance to antihypertension therapy(11. 9%)(P < 0. 01). The qualitative research showed that the hospitalized patients with hypertension had a profound understanding of the dangers of the hypertensive emergency( or sub-emergency) and a positive responding determination. Conclusion Ages,nationality and compliance to antihypertension therapy was the main factors affecting incidence rate of hypertensive emergency( or sub-emergency). Therefore,strengthening health education for the hospitalized patients with hypertension by doctors and nurses and improving their compliance to antihypertension therapy are effective strategies to protect against incidence of hypertensive emergency( or sub-emergency) and improve their life quality.