2010—2013年上海市浦东新区公共场所控烟实施效果评估

The effect evaluation of Shanghai Smoke Control Legislation in Public Places,in Pudong New Area,between 2010 to 2013

目的评估上海市浦东新区《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》在公共场所的动态实施效果。方法于2010—2013年间,对上海市浦东新区部分学校、医疗卫生机构、餐饮娱乐等6类公共场所进行重复横断面调查,观察并记录场所内各项控烟措施的实施情况及场所内的吸烟情况。结果上海市浦东新区公共场所总体控烟宣传资料设置率自2010年的65.6%下降至2014年的41.0%(χ2=36.04,P<0.000);吸烟区设置率自2010年的64.4%下降至2013年的35.4%(χ2=51.09,P<0.000);无吸烟现象场所比例自2010年的55.0%上升至2014年的66.9%(χ2=8.29,P=0.040);吸烟人次均值自2010年的1.18下降至2013年的0.44(F=0.622,P=0.602)。餐饮娱乐场所4年来无烟蒂场所比例均低于80%,无吸烟现象场所比例均低于60%,为各类公共场所中的最低水平;其吸烟人次均值4年来分别为2.06、1.38、1.15和0.77,均为年度各类场所类型中最高水平,且呈现显著下降趋势(F=4.425,P=0.005)。全面禁烟场所无烟蒂场所比例自2010年的75.0%上升至2013年的87.6%(χ2=8.51,P=0.037);未发现吸烟现象场所比例自2010年的64.4%上升至2013年的78.8%(χ2=11.75,P=0.008)。结论《条例》在上海市浦东新区实施4年来,公共场所总体并未呈现显著的持续干预效果,但不同公共场所控烟效果存在差异性。

Objective To evaluate the impact of smoke control legislation in public places in Shanghai. Methods A repeated cross-sectional survey was employed among some schools,hospitals,entertainment places and other kinds of public places in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,between 2010 to 2013. Tobacco control measures and smoking behavior were recorded each time. Results The percentage of keeping tobacco control collateral among the public places had declined from 65. 6% in 2010 to 41. 0% in 2013( χ2= 36. 04,P < 0. 000); the percentage of providing smoking areas had declined form 64. 4% in 2010 to 35. 4% in 2013( χ2= 51. 09,P < 0. 000); the percentage of no smoking phenomenon had risen from 55. 0% in 2010 to 66. 9% in 2013( χ2= 8. 29,P = 0. 040); the average number of smokers during survey had declined from 1. 18 in 2010 to 0. 44 in 2013( F = 0. 622,P = 0. 602). And the percentage of no cigarette ends and no smoking phenomenon observed in entertainment places during the 4 years were below 80% and 60% respectively,the lowest level among all kinds of public places; the average number of smokers in entertainment places during the 4 years were 2. 06,1. 38,1. 15 and 0. 77 respectively,the highest level among all kinds of public places,although which showed a declined( F = 4. 425,P = 0. 005). Among the totally smoke-free public places,the percentage of no cigarette ends observed had risen from 75. 0% in 2010 to 87. 6% in 2013( χ2= 8. 51,P = 0. 037); and the percentage of no smoking phenomenon observed had risen from 64. 4% in 2010 to 78. 8% in 2013( χ2= 11. 75,P = 0. 008). Conclusion Overall,this study shows a weak effect of the legislation on tobacco control in public places in Pudong District,Shanghai,during the 4 years after the ban. However,there was difference in the effect of tobacco control among different kinds of public places in this study.