宁波市流动儿童溺水相关知识、信念和行为水平调查

Survey on drowning-related knowledge,attitude and behavior among the floating children in Ningbo City

目的了解宁波市流动儿童的溺水相关知、信、行水平,为制定相应的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法选取8所民工子弟学校7760名中小学生进行了《宁波市学生溺水状况调查表》问卷。结果宁波市流动儿童的溺水相关知识知晓率为46.0%,正确信念持有率为77.9%,溺水高危行为发生率为10.0%,27.5%的学生自我报告至少有1种溺水高危行为。男生对"只要游泳水平高,单独游泳还是会发生溺水的"和"当遇同伴溺水,如果自己游泳水平高,下水救人还是危险的"等信念的持有率分别为83.4%和91.3%,均低于女生的87.6%(χ2=26.40,P<0.01)和93.2%(χ2=9.32,P<0.01)。男生的6种溺水高危行为发生率均高于女生,男女生各种溺水高危行为发生率在一年级的时候基本持平,但是在七八年级时差别达到了峰值。结论流动儿童的溺水相关认知水平低,溺水高危行为发生率高,需要对他们开展防溺水知识、风险识别、自我控制等方面的健康教育。

Objective To understand the level of drowning-related knowledge,attitude and behavior among the floating children in Ningbo City,and provide scientific evidences for developing preventive strategies. Methods 7760 students from 1st-9thgrade in 8 schools for migrant workers’ children were recruited by multi-stage random sampling and all data were collected by the self-reported questionnaires. Results Among the floating students,the awareness rate and correct attitude rate was 46. 0% and 77. 9%,respectively,and the incidence rate of drowning-related high-risk behavior was 10. 0%. There were27. 5% of students who self-reported more than one drowning-related high-risk behavior. 83. 4% of male students believed swimming alone was dangerous even if swimming skill was good,which was lower than that of female students( 87. 6%,χ2=26. 40,P < 0. 01). 91. 3% of male students believed saving others in water was dangerous even if swimming skill was good,which was lower than that of female counterparts( 93. 2%,χ2= 9. 32,P < 0. 01). The incidence rates of 6 drowning-related high-risk behaviors among the male were all higher than the female. The gap of incidences rate of high-risk behavior between different genders was narrow extremely in the 1stgrade and big in the 7thand 8thgrades. Conclusion Low level of drowning-related knowledge and high level of high-risk behavior occurred in the floating children,who needed essential health education for improving knowledge on water safety,skill of risk estimation and ability to self-control.