四川省绵阳市5岁儿童口腔健康现况调查

Cross-sectional study on oral health behaviors among children aged 5-year old in Mianyang City,Sichuan

目的了解绵阳市5岁儿童口腔健康现状,为进一步开展口腔健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,抽取绵阳市3所幼儿园285名5岁儿童家长,参照《全国第三次口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中5岁儿童家长问卷对儿童家长进行调查。结果家长对于"窝沟封闭能预防儿童龋齿"的知晓率为11.6%,口腔知识主要来源是电视/广播(64.9%)和报纸/杂志(55.4%);90.2%的家长认同"保护孩子六龄牙很重要";每天进食含糖食品的儿童为69.0%,75.8%儿童曾有睡前吃甜食行为;3岁以前开始刷牙的儿童占73.0%,每天帮助孩子刷牙和检查刷牙效果的家长占18.6%和19.6%;75.8%的儿童过去1年未进行任何口腔检查,其中46.7%的家长认为儿童牙齿没问题,不需要检查;最近一次口腔就诊的主要原因是急、慢性牙痛,定期检查牙齿的仅占4.2%;知识得分与态度得分之间存在正相关(r=0.285),同行为得分之间存在正相关(r=0.213)。结论绵阳市5岁儿童口腔健康行为有待改善,虽然多数儿童家长有较好的口腔健康态度和一定的口腔健康知识,但是转化为实际行动的能力较弱,仍需有针对性的开展健康促进活动,以使儿童形成正确的口腔卫生行为。

Objective To understand the oral health behaviors status among children aged 5-year old in Mianyang city,and provide evidence for further implementing oral health education. Methods Using multistage sampling,285 parents of children aged 5-year old were selected in Mianyang city according to 3rd Chinese national oral health investigation criteria and children’s oral health behaviors were investigated by questionnaire. Results The awareness rate of parents’ for‘Dental sealant could prevent caries for children’ was 11. 6%,the main sources of oral knowledge were TV/radio( 64. 9%),newspaper/magazine( 55. 4%),respectively. 90. 2% of parents agreed that it is very important to protect children’ s six-year-old teeth. 69. 04% of children ate sugary foods every day,75. 8% of children had the habit of eating sweets before bedtime. 73. 0% of children began to brush their teeth before the age of three,parents who helped children to brush their teeth every day and check the brushing effect were 18. 6% and 19. 6% respectively. 75. 8% of children did not make any oral cavity in the last year,46. 7% of parents believed there was no problem with the children’s teeth. The main reason for the latest dental clinic was acute and chronic toothache,checking the teeth regularly accounted for 4. 2% only,the correlation coefficient between knowledge score and attitude score was 0. 285,and the coefficient between knowledge score and behavior score was 0. 213. Conclusion Oral health behaviors of children aged 5-year old in Mianyang city need improvements,although most of the children’s parents had positive attitude and certain knowledge on oral health. They were less able to translate into practice,health promotion activities are still needed to carry out to enable children to develop correct oral health behaviors.