不同日龄蛋鸡肺脏组织结构及其淋巴组织发育的研究

Development of Histological Structure and Lymphoid Tissue in Lung of Laying Chicken

为了观察不同日龄鸡肺脏中呼吸组织及其淋巴组织的形态结构,了解不同时期的免疫状态,选择不同日龄的鸡胚和雏鸡,每个时期取3只鸡胚或雏鸡的肺脏组织制成冰冻切片,进行HE染色。结果显示,13胚龄时,肺脏中细胞排列疏松,肺内各级导管都未成型;15胚龄时,三级支气管形成管腔,有的管壁开始内陷形成肺房;18胚龄时,肺小叶的基本结构形成;20胚龄时,形成真正的肺小叶;出壳后1日龄和4日龄时,肺脏内各级导管及肺脏实质结构明显,而且肺小叶间的小叶间结缔组织也较发达,使肺小叶界限逐渐清晰;7日龄时,在初级支气管和次级支气管交汇处的黏膜内,出现支气管相关性淋巴组织(BALT);14日龄时,肺实质明显较之前日龄发达,面积较大,次级支气管管壁内的淋巴组织也较为明显;21日龄时,肺房之间的房间隔中淋巴细胞较多,此时,BALT特别发达,面积较之前日龄显著增加;35日龄时,BALT更为发达,面积继续赠加,而且此时肺小叶面积比21日龄又显著增加,其中的呼吸毛细管数量较多,而且周围存在较多的淋巴细胞;56日龄时,无论是BALT面积,还是肺小叶面积都继续显著增加,90日龄时虽然又有所增加但不明显。结果表明,蛋鸡肺脏组织结构及其淋巴组织发育呈现日龄相关性变化,56日龄基本发育成熟,而且形成较为发达的BALT,具有了成熟稳定的免疫结构基础。

In order to observe the morphological structure of respiratory tissue and lymphoid tissue in the lungs of chickens of different ages and understand the immune status in different periods,chicken embryos and chicks of different ages were selected,and the lung tissues of 3 chicken embryos or chicks at each stage were taken to make frozen sections for HE staining.The results showed that at the embryonic age of 13 days,the cells in the lungs were loosely arranged,and all levels of pulmonary ducts were not formed.At embryo age of 15 days,the third-order bronchi form lumen,and some tube walls begin to sink in to form lung Chambers.At the embryonic age of 18 days,the basic structure of pulmonary lobules was formed.At the embryo age of 20 days,real lung lobules were formed.At the age of1 and 4 days after exfoliation,the structures of pulmonary ducts and parenchyma at all levels were obvious,and the connective tissue between pulmonary lobules was more developed,so that the boundaries of pulmonary lobules were gradually clear.At the age of 7 days,broncho-associated lymphoid tissue(BALT)appeared in the mucosa at the junction of primary and secondary bronchi.At the age of 14 days,the lung parenchyma was significantly more developed and larger than the previous age,and the lymphoid tissue in the secondary bronchial wall was also more obvious.At the age of 21 days,there were more lymphocytes in the interatrial septum between the pulmonary Chambers.At this time,BALT was particularly developed and the area was significantly increased compared with the previous age.At the age of 35 days,BALT was more developed and the area of the lung lobule was increased significantly compared with the age of 21 days.There were more respiratory capillaries and lymphocytes around the lobule.At age 56,both BALT area and lung lobule area continued to increase significantly,while at age 90,there was an increase but no significant increase.The results showed that the lung tissue structure of laying hens showed age-related changes,with the basic development and maturation at 56 days old,and the relatively developed BALT was formed,with a mature and stable immune structure foundation.