基于光纤传感技术的过山车疲劳寿命预测研究

Research on Fatigue Life Prediction of Roller Coaster Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology

过山车承受复杂随机交变循环载荷,其引起的疲劳损伤是过山车突然失效的主要原因,过山车结构的疲劳及由此引起的安全问题愈来愈突出。本文采用光纤光栅传感器对过山车关键结构的应力进行实时监测。针对实时监测数据,采用双参数四峰谷值雨流快速计数程序,对光纤光栅监测得到的实时应力监测数据进行数据压缩、峰谷值挑选、无效幅值去除等,得到疲劳损伤热点区的有效应力幅。同时采用Miner线性累积损伤理论和名义应力法对过山车热点区的累积损伤和疲劳寿命进行计算与预测。根据热点区2个测点的疲劳寿命分析结果,该过山车轨道的疲劳寿命满足规范基本要求。本文将光纤传感在线实时监测技术与疲劳寿命预测方法相结合,为更加准确的实现过山车的累积损伤及疲劳剩余寿命的实时显示和分析提供了新手段。

Roller coaster bears alternating load,fatigue damage caused by it is the main cause of the sudden failure of roller coaster.The safety problems of roller coaster caused by fatigue damage are becoming more and more prominent.In this paper,fiber Bragg grating sensor is used to monitor the stress of the key structure of roller coaster in real time.A representative monitoring data was analyzed by the two parameters rainflow fast counting program for fatigue analysis.The stress amplitude was obtained by a series of process.The calculation and prediction for fatigue life of the roller coaster’s hot region based on the Miner linear damage rule and the nominal stress method.According to the analysis results,the fatigue life of the roller coaster track meets the basic requirements of the criterion.This paper combines the on-line real-time monitoring technology of optical fiber sensor with the fatigue life prediction method,which provides a new means for accurately realizing the real-time display and analysis of cumulative damage and fatigue residual life of roller coaster.