明清云南西部边地土司“内外”分际的历史过程

The Historical Process of Yunnan West Chieftains‘Internal and External' Separation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,云南西部边地土司经历了"内外"分际的历史过程。有的土司留在王朝国家的版图,成为"内",有的土司离开了王朝国家的版图,成为"外",明朝确立的"三宣三慰"土司整体政治格局变为了分属不同政治共同体"内外"土司,最终在清缅战争中因官方提出"内地土司"的概念而得以确认,展现了明清以来云南西部边疆从有疆无界的整体土司区变为"尔疆我界"的中缅边界的过程,对中国统一多民族国家的形成、疆域变迁及边疆发展历程产生了深远的影响,也影响到东南亚世界历史政治格局的发展进程。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Yunnan west chieftains experienced historical process between the internal and external.Some stay in the territory of the Dynasty,become‘internal’,some left the territory of Dynasty,became the‘external’.Ming Dynasty established the overall political pattern of ‘Three Xuan and Three Wei’chieftains belong to different political community.During Sino-burmese wars,the Qing Dynasty put forward the concept of ‘internal chieftains’ officially,to show the process of Yunnan since the Ming Dynasty the western chieftains areas into Clear Boundary of Qing Dynasty and Burma,changes of territory and border on the formation,China unified multi-ethnic country development history has far-reaching influence,but also affect the development of Southeast Asia’s political pattern.