中国古代荔枝的地理分布及其贡地变迁

The Litchi's Geographical Distribution and Tribute Changes in Ancient China

中国有三大荔枝分布区:岭南、四川和福建。荔枝原产于岭南地区,从汉代起便成为南方地区特色果贡之一,直至清末。笔者在全面考查相关文献资料的基础上,探讨了三大荔枝分布区的形成,着重研究了荔枝种植及进贡的历史地理变迁。栽培荔枝约于汉初传入四川、隋以前传入福建;进贡则呈现出隋唐以前贡在岭南、唐宋贡在四川、元明清贡在福建的现象。通过分析得知导致荔枝种植区发生变化的主要原因是气候和人为原因(正反两种作用),荔枝贡地选择则随着政治形势的动态变化而变化。

There are three major Litchi distribution areas in China:Lingnan,Sichuan and Fujian.Litchi originated in Lingnan region and became one of the special fruit tributes from Han Dynasty until the end of Qing Dynasty.Based on a comprehensive review about the relevant documents,the author discussed the formation of three major Litchi distribution areas,with emphasis on the historical and geographical changes of Litchi planting and tributary.The cultivated Litchi was introduced into Sichuan at the beginning of Han Dynasty and Fujian before Sui Dynasty.And the tribute area was Lingnan before the Sui and Tang Dynasties,in the Tang and Song dynasties which transferred to Sichuan,and Fujian became the major Litchi tributary area in the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.Through analysis,climate and human factors are the main reasons that causes the change of Litchi planting area(the human factors have both positive and negative effects).And the selection of Litchi tributary area was getting along with the political situation changed.