乳酸菌治疗奶牛乳房炎的机理与研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Treatment of Dairy Mastitis

乳房炎是奶牛养殖中常见的疾病之一,给乳业带来极大的经济损失。目前主要的治疗手段是抗生素,但抗生素治疗可导致细菌耐药性增加、抗生素残留、抗性基因污染和牛乳品质下降等诸多问题。寻求绿色、安全、高效的治疗方法迫在眉睫,目前喂饲乳酸菌是公认的替代抗生素疗法的最佳方案。乳酸菌是奶牛胃肠道中重要的菌群之一,能够对奶牛机体健康产生多种正面影响,诸如与致病菌产生拮抗、改善消化道菌群、减少对环境的污染等,与动物互利共生等。本文综述了近年来国内外乳酸菌在治疗乳房炎方面的应用研究,旨为实践中对于乳房炎的防治工作提供指导。

Mastitis is a common disease in mammals, which occur widely in the farming, and bring huge economic losses to dairy industry. The main treatment of antibiotics have brought many problems, such as antibiotic resistance and the environment pollution caused by the resistance genes. So there need a safe and effective treatment to instead it. Taking probiotics is the most prominent in all antibiotic replacement therapy plan, and to the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of some strains of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria are essential for health and it has important physiological function, which widely exist in intestinal of animal body. Most of the lactic acid bacteria has a very close relationship with host’ health. Such probiotic bacteria can inhibit pathogenic bacteria colonization, and mutualism with animals also environment pollution-free. Most probiotic bacteria, especially lactobacillus, has a potential alternative antibiotic treatment of mastitis. The lactic acid bacteria which isolated from the milk as probiotics in the treatment of mastitis has its own advantages. We reviewed the researches about the mastitis detection and the application of lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of mastitis in recent years, aimed to provide certain guidance for prevention and control work of mastitis in practice.