试论高粱传入中国的时间、路径及初步推广

Discuss on the Time, Path of Sorghum's Introduction into China and its Preliminary Popularization

关于高粱传入中国的时间及路径,中外学者提出了多种猜想。按时间可以划分为史前传入说、两汉魏晋传入说和宋元传入说;按路径可以划分为西北丝绸之路传入说、西南丝绸之路传入说及东南海上丝绸之路传入说。通过对新发现文献及考古资料的分析,本文否定了高粱在史前时期传入中国的观点,认为高粱应该是在两汉魏晋及宋元时期通过多种途道先后传入中国。许多学者认为高粱虽在两汉时期就已经传入中国,但直到元代之前都未引起人们的注意。本文认为两汉到宋元时期是高粱在中国的初步推广时期。在两汉魏晋南北朝时期,高粱在南方得到较快的推广;唐末五代以来,高粱在北方的种植规模得到迅速的扩张,最终成为了农家不可或缺的重要作物。

Chinese and foreign scholars have put forward a variety of conjectures about the time and path of sorghum’s introduction into China. According to the time, it can be divided into prehistoric introduction theory, Han to Wei Jin dynasties introduction theory, Song to Yuan dynasties introduction theory. According to the route, it can be divided into Northwest Silk Road, Southwest Silk Road and Southeast Sea Silk Road. Based on the analysis of the newly discovered documents and archaeological data, this paper denies the view that sorghum was introduced into China in prehistoric period, and holds that sorghum should have been introduced to China through various paths in the Han to WeiJin dynasties and Song to Yuan dynasties.Many scholars believe that sorghum was introduced into China during the Han Dynasty, but it did not attract people’s attention until the Yuan Dynasty.This paper holds that the period from Han Dynasty to Song Yuan Dynasty is the initial spreading period of sorghum in China.In the Han to Wei Jin dynasties,Southern and Northern dynasties, sorghum was rapidly popularized in the South China. Since the end of the Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties, the scale of sorghum cultivation in the north China was rapidly expanded and eventually became an indispensable important crop for farmers.