日本农业支持政策的最新趋势及启示

THE LATEST TREND AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICY

二战以来,日本农业分别经历了农业社会、工业化时代和全球化时代3个阶段的发展和变迁,其经验和教训对于中国农业发展具有一定的启示。研究对日本农业支持政策的演变及动向、特征与发展趋势以及目标机制和运作方式等方面进行了分析和探讨,结果显示:日本农业的变革涉及法律约束力、经营规模、农业贸易政策和国内支持等各个方面;日本农业的发展依赖于财政补贴,虽然其补贴强度呈下降趋势,但日本农业国内支持政策对保障农民收入、提高农产品竞争力仍具有重要作用。依据日本经验和教训提炼出的启示主要有:农户组织化经营要有计划地组织引导;农业经营规模的扩大要有序推动;农业剩余劳动力的就地消化要下大力气推动;国内支持政策应尽可能由纳税人负担。最后需要说明的是,降低农业支持水平与规模扩大的关系要根据实际情况合理辩证地处理。

Since World War II, Japan′s agriculture has gone through three stages , i.e., the agriculture era, the industrialization era and the globalization era .Its experience and lesson has a certain inspiration for China ′s agricul-tural development.This study analyzed the evolutions , trends, characteristics, targets and operation modes of Ja-pan′s agriculture support policy.Theresults showed as follows: the transformation of Japanese agriculture was relat -ed to the aspects of legally binding, management of scale, agricultural trade policies and domestic support .Japa-nese agriculture depended on financial subsidies deeply which played important roles in protecting farmers ′income and improving the competitiveness of agricultural products .Based on Japanese experiences and lessons , the inspira-tions were that: organizational operations must be planned and organized among farmers ; farm scale expansion should be orderly promoted; efforts should be made to promote agricultural surplus labor transferring into other local economic factors; taxpayers should pay the expenditures for domestic support policies .Finally, it should be noted that the relationship between reducing agricultural support and expanding scale should be viewed more reasonably and dialectically.