我国粮食生产区域变化对粮食主产区影响效应分析——以黑龙江省为例

EFFECT OF CHINA'S GRAIN PRODUCTION AREA CHANGE ONMAJOR GRAIN PRODUCTING AREAS——TAKE HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

受各种因素影响,现阶段我国粮食生产的区域变化特征明显,主要呈现出区域结构分化明显,粮食生产逐渐向粮食主产区聚集;粮食生产的区域格局形成,生产重心与中心向北转移;粮食生产的区域优势形成,粮食生产集聚在优势的粮食产区等特征。文章采取案例分析方法,以粮食主产区黑龙江省作为研究对象,以点带面,剖析粮食生产区域变化对粮食主产区的影响。基于积极效应和消极效应的逻辑框架,选择的评价指标主要包括粮食产量、播种面积、粮食单产、农民增收结构变迁、人均收入比较、生产总值与人均生产总值、人均经营耕地程度、财政投入及生产条件改进等。研究结果表明,粮食生产区域变化对粮食主产区的影响效应具有两面性:一方面,形成了粮食主产区的粮食产量大幅度增加,社会效益显著提升,经济效益不断提高,生产条件明显改善,规模化经营程度提高等积极影响;另一方面,也出现了产销区农民收入差距大,农民增收不明显,粮食主产区的经济发展方式单一、经济发展滞后等消极影响。该文提出了相应的政策建议:着力打造粮食区域化生产;完善粮食主产区的利益补偿机制;改善粮食主产区生产条件;形成农业发展为主、其他产业并行的发展模式等。该文提出,粮食生产区域变迁对粮食主产区效应影响研究还有待进一步拓展与提升:一是扩大准则层指标设定,精准、细化指标层指标选择,对粮食主产区效应影响进行整体分析和综合评判;二是拓展研究视角,从个案分析推广到整个区域分析,总结普适性与特殊性规律,有的放矢的为保障国家粮食安全提供切实可行的政策建议。

Due to a variety of factors, the changes of China′s grain producing area are obvious, which mainly pres-ent that regional structure differentiation is distinct, grain productiongradually assembles to main grain producing ar-ea,the regional structure of grain production moves to the north, and the advantage of grain production area has been formed. Taking Heilongjiang province, an important main grain producing area of China, as an example, this paper evaluated the impact of the change of grain producing area on the main grain production based on the assess-ment indicators, such as grain output, sown area, per unit area yield of grain, the changing of peasant increment construction, per capita income comparison, the total output value, per capita total output value, the level of per capita management cultivated land, fiscal revenue and the improvement of production condition, and so on. The re-sults indicated that the effects of the main grain production area changing on the main grain production were dual:on the one hand, the grain yield in the main grain producing area had a substantial increase with a notable social benefit and economic effect;On the other hand,the peasants′ income gap became bigger and bigger, the growing way of the peasants′income was unitary, and the economic growth was slow. Therefore, it put forward some coun-termeasures, such as making great efforts on the grain regional production, perfecting the benefit compensate mech-anism in main grain producing area, improving production conditions, forming the development modes combining agriculture with other industries. Finally, it proposed that it should further focus the effect of the grain production area change on main grain production area by enlarging index setting, comprehensively assessing the impacts, sum-marizing the regulation of universality and particularity, so as to put forward corresponding practical tactics and sug-gestions to support national grain security.