甘肃小杂粮生产演变特征、存在问题及对策建议

EVOLUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS,CAUSES,AND COUNTERMEASURES OF SMALL GRAINS PRODUCTION IN GANSU

文章通过对甘肃省15年来粮食种植面积、产量、小杂粮种植面积、产量等多方数据调查,分析甘肃省小杂粮在种植面积、单产水平、粮食安全、区域优势、主产县区和种植规模等多个方面的演变特点。发现杂粮产业发展中存在的布局分散,产地市场效应不突出;良种扩繁体系缺乏,生产中良种供应短缺;适合产业化加工的专用型品种少,栽培技术粗放且不规范;加工型龙头企业数量少,产品精深开发程度低;产业扶持力度小,群众重视程度不高等方面的主要问题。提出甘肃杂粮种植规划建议和优化区域布局、强化品种扩繁体系扶持、加快选育和扩繁优质专用品种、加大龙头企业和市场培育力度、依靠科技提升产品附加值、强化优质高产栽培和精深加工技术研究与推广等若干促进产业持续发展的对策,对国内其他杂粮产区的发展具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

Through the analysis of the data of planting area,yield of main crops and small grains in fifteen years in Gansu,the paper analyzed the evolution features of planting area,yield per unit area,food security,regional advantages,main production counties/districts,planting scale,etc.The causes of evolution were analyzed from four aspects including market demand,structural adjustment,industrialized development and socialized services,ofwhich thelow market demand and comparative benefit were the root,the planting industry structure adjustment was the objective,the low industrialization development degree was the direct,and unmatched socialized services were systematic.And then it analyzed five major problems of small grains industry development,which were 1) scattered layout and common origin market advantage effect;2) insufficient variety propagation system and high-quality seed supply;3) few special varieties suitable for processing and coarse nonstandard cultivation technology;4) less leading processing enterprises and low degree of products intensive development;and 5) less industry support and attention.The paper put forward several countermeasures for promoting the small grains industry,such as optimizing regional layout,strengthening variety propagation system support,cultivating leading enterprises,speeding up selection and breeding of special processing varieties,and improving research and extension of cultivation and processing technology,etc.The results can provide a guidance and reference in the development of small grains production.