台湾高等教育治理政策之改革:迈向新管理主义?

Reforming Higher Education Governance Policy in Taiwan :Moving toward New Managerialism?

自从20世纪80年代以来,世界主要国家纷纷调整高等教育的治理政策,台湾在历经了20年的社会民主化之后,也大幅放宽对于高等教育机构的官僚管控,让大学拥有更宽广的自主空间。虽然,推动大学自主,授权机构更多的决策能力是台湾高等教育政策的主流论述,但是在当代的治理改革当中,新管理主义已成为一股不可忽视的力量。强调政府的监督机能,采取远程操控,重视评鉴制度与绩效责任,引进市场竞争机制,以提升效率与效能为依归,都是新管理主义的核心价值。本研究发现,台湾在20世纪90年代中期以后的改革,有许多政策充满了新管理主义的影子,政府通过操作市场机制、评鉴制度以及成果与表现竞争之远程操控,已经让大学丧失实质自主,有再集权化(re-centralisation)的倾向。

Since the 1980s,major countries across the global have adjusted their higher education governance polices.Having gone through social liberalisation over two decades,Taiwan began to deregulate the bureaucratic control over higher education institutions and devolved more autonomy to them.Though granting greater decision-making power and promoting university autonomy were the mainstream discourse in Taiwan Residents higher education policy,New Managerailism(NM)have become a powerful voice in the contemporary governance reform.The core values of the NM include the emphasis of supervision mechanism,the adoption of remote control,the use of evaluation system and accountability measures,the introduction of market competition,and the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness.This research concludes that a few policy reforms in Taiwan after the 1990s are consistent with the line of the NM.Governments employing market mechanism,evaluation system,and remote control of outcome and performance have caused the loss of substantial autonomy in the university sector and leaded to a tendency of recentralisation.