世界社会理论:新制度理论在世界现象研究中的应用

World Society Theory:Application of New Institutionalism in World Phenomena

在后工业社会里,专业人员成为一支重要的社会力量,他们扮演着'脚本作者'(script writer)的角色,提出超验的社会发展理念,制定和推广他们认为具有普适性的社会发展模式。在这些理念和模式的作用下,个体的权利在世界范围内得到了认可和彰显,组织朝着正式化的方向发展,民族国家变成构建国际社会的积极合作者,世界变成一个具有'想象共同体'(imagined community)特征的社会,朝着现代化的方向前行。当理性观念和发展模式由专业人员从发源地(先发内生型国家)传播到接受地(后发外生型国家)时,常常会出现模式与后者的实际需求不甚适应的情况。在'松散耦合'(1oosely coupling)机制作用下,呈现在我们面前的是一幅制度形式上的趋同与内容实质上多样的图景。这是世界社会理论透镜让我们看到的现代化的发展动力、格局及其存在的张力。

In postmodern societies,professions have become crucial social forces,who play the role of script writers,propose and promote application of ideas and models for social development.Consequently,individual rights are well recognized,formal organizations spread out worldwide,and nation states become active participants in world society.Therefore,the world becomes an imagined community,and modernization is achieved.When the ideas and models are transplanted from endogenous countries to exogenous countries,dissatisfaction can be observed due to mismatch between models and circumstances.Under the loosely coupled mechanism,similarity in institutional forms and diversity in consequences occur simultaneously.These are driving forces,patterns and tensions in modernization from the lens of world society theory.