中国高校分类设置研究:现状、成因与对策

Research on Classification and Setting of Chinese Universities:Current Situation,Causes and Countermeasures

实现高等学校分类设置、分类管理、分类评价是一种理想,也是一种现实。目前,我国高校分类设置现状可谓'喜忧参半':一方面,国家和地方行政层面一直致力于建设高校分类设置的政策引导体系,部分高校为了自身发展逐步实现转型,国内人才供需结构变化对高校分类设置的需求仍然强烈;另一方面,高校分类管理和发展的现实图景却不容乐观,来自多方面的惯性阻力和现实困难依然较大。从制度经济学角度分析,造成这一现状的原因有:资源依赖型分配体系的束缚,重学轻术的传统文化观念,追求'更名''升格'的行为习惯仍在发挥作用。破解这一发展困境,要倡导教育理念从'精英教育'转变为'适合的教育';政府要完成从'划桨者'到'掌舵者'的角色转换,从事务性管理转向宏观管理与信息服务提供,致力于差异化、多元化的评估考核体系建设;高校自身要健全自主机制,增强自主办学能力。

It is an ideal and a reality to realize the classification, classification management and classification evaluation of colleges and universities. At present, the status quo of colleges and universities in China can be described as 'mixed and mixed' : the national and local administrative levels have been committed to building a policy guidance system for the classification of colleges and universities;some colleges and universities have gradually transformed for their own development;the demand for the classification of colleges in China is strong, but the reality of the classification management and development of colleges and universities is not optimistic, and the inertia resistance and practical difficulties from many aspects are still large. From the perspective of institutional economics, the reasons for this situation are : the shackles of resource-dependent distribution systems, the traditional cultural concepts of re-learning light techniques, and the pursuit of 'rebranding' and 'upgrading' behaviors are still playing a role. To solve this development dilemma, we must advocate the transformation of the educational concept from 'elite education' to 'appropriate education';the government must complete the transition from 'sculler' to 'leader',from transactional management to macro management and information. Service provision is committed to the development of a differentiated and diversified assessment and assessment system;universities themselves must improve their autonomy mechanisms and enhance their self-sponsorship.