我国参与食品安全国际共治的动因与路径研究

The Motivation and Path of China’s Participation in International Co-governance of Food Safety

食品安全问题是影响我国居民生活质量的重要因素,食品安全风险与由此引发的安全事件已成为我国最大的社会风险之一,引起了全社会的广泛关注。然而,食品安全风险治理是全球性难题,迫切需要世界各国共同参与治理,构建食品安全国际共治格局。自2015年召开的博鳌亚洲论坛提出食品安全国际共治的概念以来,我国参与食品安全国际共治的实践取得了较大的进展,但相关的理论研究则十分滞后。本文基于国内食品安全现状和国际食品安全形势,探究了我国参与食品安全国际共治的动因。从国内看,食品安全上升为国家战略,进口食品的重要性提升;从国际看,全球食品安全风险增大,食品供应链深度发展,食品科技引发新的安全问题,食品安全贸易壁垒高企。这些因素均促使我国参与食品安全国际共治。在此基础上,分析了我国参与食品安全国际共治面临的问题,包括食品安全监管体制不同、食品安全标准存在差异、食品安全国际共治机制不成熟、国际政治经济环境不稳定等,阻碍了我国参与食品安全国际共治的进程。最后,针对面临的诸多障碍,提出我国参与食品安全国际共治的有效路径,要重点推进国际共治机制建设,加强对进口食品供应链的管理,在食品安全技术、标准等领域加强合作,建立食品安全多边协作机制。

Food safety is an important factor affecting the quality of life of Chinese residents,and food safety risk and the incidents caused by it have become one of the greatest social risks in China,which has attracted wide attention of the whole society. However,food safety risk governance is a global problem,which urgently needs the participation of all countries in the world to build an international co-governance pattern of food safety. Since the Boao Forum for Asia held in 2015 put forward the concept of international co-governance of food safety,great progress has been made in China’s practice of participating in international co-governance of food safety,but the relevant theoretical research is lagging behind. Based on the current situation of domestic and international food safety situation,this paper explores the motivation of China’s participation in international co-governance of food safety. From the domestic aspect,food safety has risen to the national strategy,the importance of imported food has increased;from the international aspect,global food safety risks have increased,food supply chain has developed in depth,food science and technology has caused new safety problems,and food safety trade barriers are high. All these factors promote China’s participation in international co-governance of food safety. On this basis,we analyzed the problems faced by China’s participation in international co-governance of food safety,such as different food safety regulatory systems and standards,immature international co-governance mechanism of food safety,and unstable international political and economic environment,which has hindered China’s participation in international co-governance of food safety. Finally,in view of the many obstacles facing China,we propose an effective way to participate in international co-governance of food safety. China should focus on promoting the construction of international co-governance mechanism,strengthening the management of imported food supply chain,strengthening cooperation in food safety technology and standards,and establishing a multilateral cooperation mechanism for food safety.