精准扶贫背景下残疾人社会福利制度困境与调适研究

A Study on the Dilemma and Adjustment of Social Welfare System for the Disabled under the Background of Targeted Poverty Alleviation

残疾人作为特殊的弱势群体,数量大问题多,是民生工程的重要对象。残疾人脱贫是整个社会"精准扶贫"工作的有机组成部分,优化残疾人社会福利制度便成为了实现残疾人精准扶贫的重要环节。本研究立足精准帮扶的背景,引入可行能力理论,围绕能力框架考察残疾人社会福利需要特性与满足状况。研究发现:残疾人社会福利供给制度安排在福利分配基础、福利给付形式、福利组织输送和福利目标导向都存在一定的困境,在一定程度上影响到当前残疾人社会福利的供给质量和残疾人的生活质量。解决困境的出路就是对残疾人社会福利制度进行改革。以精准帮扶和可行能力为引导,结合实证数据剖析,对残疾人社会福利改革的可能角度是:个性化走向、优势化导向、整体性治理和生态性思维。从针对性服务提供、能力建设、体系整合、家庭视角的引入,进行残疾人社会福利制度安排与服务体系的改革与调整。

As a special vulnerable group,the number of persons with disabilities in China's Mainland is large.They are facing all kinds of problems and challenges in their lives and have always been the target clients of the People’s Livelihood Projects.Poverty eradication of the disabled is an integral part of the 'targeted poverty alleviation' in China.The optimization of the social welfare system for the disabled has become an important link in the realization of targeted poverty alleviation for the disabled.Based on the background of targeted poverty alleviation,this paper research on the needs of disabled persons and relevant social welfare arrangements from a capacity-building perspective.The main findings of this research are showed as follows:the social welfare provision for the disabled has some limitations in terms of the distribution of social welfare,the forms of welfare benefits,the delivery of welfare organization and the goal orientation of welfare,which have become the basis for the transformation of the social welfare system for the disabled.We should regard targeted poverty alleviation and the improvement of the capabilities as guidance,combining with the investigation of the data extraction.The possibility of social welfare transformation for the disabled is personalized orientation,dominance oriented,holistic governance and ecological thinking.Then we should reform and adjust the social welfare service system for disabled persons through introduction of targeted services,capacity building,system integration and family perspective.