中国城市全球价值链嵌入程度与全要素生产率——来自230个地级市的经验研究

The Degree of Global Value Chain Embedment and Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Cities —— Empirical Research from 230 Cities

区别于现有文献在企业和行业层面对全球价值链嵌入程度的测度,本文测算了2002-2013年中国230个地级市的全球价值链嵌入程度,并检验了城市全球价值链嵌入程度对全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:城市层面全球价值链嵌入程度呈现东高西低的典型特征,并且具有明显的空间正相关性。在考虑内生性问题基础上,全球价值链嵌入程度会显著促进城市全要素生产率水平的提升。虽然中西部全球价值链嵌入程度相对较低,但其对全要素生产率的促进作用却更为明显。在考虑到环境因素后,发现全球价值链嵌入程度对城市绿色全要素生产率虽然也具有显著的促进作用,但明显小于未考虑环境因素的情形。全球价值链嵌入程度对全要素生产率的溢出效应随时间逐渐减弱。进一步研究发现,城市全球价值链嵌入会通过FDI外溢效应、提高技术创新水平以及提升资源要素配置效率等路径来促进全要素生产率的提升。

Different from the measurement of the degree of embedding of global value chains in the existing literature at the enterprise and industry level,this paper measures the degree of global value chain embedding in 230 prefecture-level cities in China from 2002 to 2013,and tests the impact of the degree of global value chain embeddedness on total factor productivity.The study finds that the degree of global value chain embeddedness in the urban level shows the typical characteristics of high east and low west,and has a clear positive spatial correlation.Considering the endogenous problem,the embeddedness of global value chains will significantly improve the total factor productivity of cities.Though the embeddedness degree of the global value chain in the central and Western China is relatively low,its role in promoting total factor productivity is more obvious.After considering environmental factors,it is found that the degree of global value chain embeddedness also has a significant effect on urban green total factor productivity,but it is obviously less than the situation without consideration of environmental factors.The spillover effect of global value chain embedding on total factor productivity gradually weakened with time.Further research has found that the embedding of urban global value chains will promote the improvement of total factor productivity through the FDI spillover effect,the improvement of the technological innovation level and the improvement of the allocation efficiency of the resource elements.