气候公约的背景、履约进展、分歧与展望

Background,Progress,Dispute and Prospect of UNFCCC

1992年6月联合国环境与发展大会(UNCED)通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC),是人类应对气候变化的历史性事件。作为多边框架,UNFCCC至今已有二十余年的历史,拥有195个缔约方。期间,为推动履约工作,共召开了18次缔约方大会,通过了包括《京都议定书》在内的一系列具有里程碑意义的协议与决定。本文全面阐述了《公约》产生的背景、履约进展与缔约方之间主要分歧的根源。此外,有鉴于当前新的国际政经版图与形势,分析了中国所面临的挑战,并藉此提出了"合而不同"的履约策略。

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change( UNFCCC) was adopted by United Nations Conference on Environment and Development( UNCED) in June,1992 was a historical event for humankind in dealing with climate change. As a multilateral framework,UNFCCC has presently 195 member Parties. During the past more than 20 years,in order to facilitate its implementation,18 times of Conferences of Parties were convened,a series of milestone protocols and decisions were adopted,including the Kyoto Protocol. Here we comprehensively expound the background,implementation progress and major causes of disagreement among Parties. Furthermore,given the present international political as well as economical map and situation,we thereby come out with the‘collective but differentiated'implementation strategy by analyzing the challenges facing by China.