中国工业废物统计的现状、不足及改进方法

Statistical Situation,Disadvantages and Improving Method about the Industrial Wastes in China

我国工业废物、统计总体界定明确,但是,重点调查单位确定的可操作性差、调查单位数偏少和企业填报数据缺少监督等,使得我国对外公布的工业废物产生量与实际废物产生量差距较大。将我国不同工业行业分别按产值划分为大、中、小、微型企业,并分别在不同工业行业的大、中、小、微型企业中,随机抽选部分大、中、小、微型企业作为样本,调查一定时期内它们的产值和废物产生量,以便测算出大、中、小、微型企业的单位产值废物产生量,最后,结合大、中、小、微型企业的总产值测算出废物产生总量。

Though the concepts of industrial wastes and statistical population are very explicit,there is a huge difference between the published quantities of various wastes and the actual produced ones due to the reasons of the disoperation in determining the emphasis survey's unit,the less number of the survey's unit and the lack of supervision in filling in the data of wastes by the enterprises in China. Firstly,the paper divides the different industrial sectors into large enterprises,medium-size enterprises,small enterprises and little enterprises by the output value of enterprise respectively. Secondly,the paper selects the sample units from the large enterprises,medium-size enterprises,small enterprises and little enterprises in different industrial sectors at random and collects their output values and their relevant wastes in the same period respectively. Thirdly,the paper measures the quantities of waste per output value of the different-size enterprises. Lastly,the paper estimates the total quantities of different wastes by multiplying the quantities of waste per output value of the different-size enterprises and the total output values of the different-size enterprises.