济南市区暴雨特征分析

Heavy Rainfall Characteristics in Jinan Urban Area

本文利用济南市区地面气象观测站和区域自动站逐日降水资料,分析了市区暴雨的年际变化、月际变化、日际变化以及区域分布特征。结果表明:1951-1990年济南市区平均暴雨日数随年代变化呈先升后降的趋势,1981-2014年济南市区平均暴雨日数随年代变化同样呈先升后降的趋势,波动周期均为30年;最大日降雨量随年代呈"增-减-增-减"的波动变化;市区暴雨主要出现在盛夏7~8月,最大日雨量出现在7月,其次是8月;春季、夏初和8月的暴雨大多出现在夜间,7月暴雨最多出现在白天,秋季暴雨大多出现在08时前后;市区自动站暴雨随年份呈"先升后降"的变化趋势;市区自动站最大日雨量出现在7月,其次是8月或5月;市区自动站暴雨分布不均,最多出现在交通学院,其次是市政府,最少出现在热电公司。

Using daily precipitation data of urban and regional automatic meteorological observation stations in Jinan Urban area,the temporal and spatial characteristics of heavy rainfall were analyzed. The results showed as follows: The change of average heavy rainfall days during 1951 to 1990 indicated an up-down trend in Jinan urban area,the variation from 1981 to 2014 revealed the same trend,and the volatility cycles both were 30 years. Maximum of daily rainfall changed with a fluctuation of increase-decreases-increase-decreases. Urban rainstorm occurred mainly in the July and August of mid-summer,and the maximum daily rainfall occurred in July,followed by August. Heavy rains in spring,early summer,and August appeared mostly at night,but in July it was in the day time,and it happened at about 8 o'clock in autumn. The count of daily rainfall observed by the regional automatic stations showed the trend of updown; and the maximum value appeared in July,followed by August or May. the regional distribution of the monitoring data is not even,the most frequent station was the Jiaotong University Station,followed by the City Hall Station,at least appeared in the Cogeneration Power Plant Station.