快速城市化对滨海城市景观格局演变的影响

Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Coastal City Landscape Pattern Dynamics

本文综合应用面向对象的决策树和景观格局指数方法,分析厦门城市景观格局演变过程,旨在揭示快速城市化背景下的滨海城市景观格局时空演变格局。研究结果表明:11987—2007年20年间厦门城市景观整体破碎度增加,景观最大斑块指数先小幅增加而后逐年递减,各斑块类型分布趋于均匀,反映了随着社会、经济发展对土地资源需求程度加大,人类在本地区的开发活动增强。2在斑块类型指数中,森林面积先减后增,退耕还林、荒山及城市绿化等措施使得森林景观趋向良性发展;建设用地和水域面积持续递增,农田面积单调递减,反映城市建成区大肆扩张占用农田,以及受经济利益驱使的水产养殖业围田造湖、造塘的突出问题,城市、郊区建成区有连接成片的趋势。3森林于2007年超越农田成为滨海城市厦门的优势景观类型。4景观指数法适用于在快速城市化中景观格局时空演变的定量分析,可为相关滨海城市景观生态学研究提供方法借鉴。

The research objective was to analysis the urban landscape dynamic process. Based on mapping of 5 Landsat TM / ETM +remote sensing images in the coastal city of Xiamen during 1987,1992,1997,2002 and 2007,the object-oriented classification method of land use and landscape metrics method were used. The results showed that the urban landscape in Xiamen became fragmental in the past twenty years,and the patches inclined to evenly distribute on landscape level,with LPI decreasing in 2007. It suggested the anthropogenic activities in this region enhanced obviously,which resulted from the increasing needs of land resources for the social and economic development. On patch class level,forest area decreased at first and then increased,and the conversion of cropland to forest,hill and urban make the forest landscape better. The area of building up and water body continued to increase,while area of arable land monotone decreasing. It not only reflected the expansion of built-up area at the expense of farmland,but also reclamation of aquaculture industry driven by economic interests. It also showed that built-up areas in urban and suburban area were merging together. Forest became the dominated landscape types of the coastal city of Xiamen in 2007. It concluded that the landscape metrics used in the paper had good ecological significance. The landscape metrics method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of landscape spatial pattern in a rapid urbanization area,and supports for landscape ecology research.