中国温室气体排放总量控制的关键问题和实施路径初探

Study on Key Problems and Pathway of Total Amount Control of Chinese Greenhouse Gas Emissions

碳排放空间是全球稀缺的战略性资源,是国家和地区发展权竞争的核心要素之一。强化碳排放约束,合理配置排放空间资源,实施总量控制是大势所趋,把碳排放总量控制作为国家战略,来精心实施顶层设计,连贯开展政策行动,研究适合国情的政策实践路径十分必要。据此,本文系统化提出了温室气体排放总量控制的科学命题,探讨了总量控制的理论和方法基础,从范围和边界、目标设定、分配方法、立法保障和技术支撑体系等方面提出了我国实施温室气体排放总量控制制度面临的关键问题,并尝试性提出符合国情的中国碳排放总量控制实施路径策略,对总体战略定位、阶段目标、控制范围、执行机制、政策配套提出了有针对性的分析和建议。

Carbon emission permits,as the rare strategic resource in the world,is one of core elements for competition of right to development for a country or region. It is necessary to strengthen the limits on carbon emissions and rational disposition of resources of carbon emission permits. The implementation of total- amount- control on GHG emissions became the general trend. Therefore,it is essential to implement top layer design,develop policy action,and study the pathway in line with the national conditions. Accordingly,this article put forward scientific proposition of total- amount- control on GHG emissions,discussed theories and approaches of control system,and suggested the key problems existed in system for China's control on total carbon emissions from the aspects of scope and boundary,target setting,allocation method,legislation and technical support. At length,the authors tentatively proposed the implementation strategies for China's total- amount- control on GHG emissions in line with China's national conditions and made analysis and suggestions from aspects of overall strategic position,phrase objectives,boundary and scope,enforcement mechanism and supporting policies.