世界水资源转移消耗及空间解构研究——基于国际水资源投入产出模型

Research on World Water Resource Transfer Consumption and Spatial Distribution in view of International Water Resource Input and Output Model

产品的生产和消费各个环节中均要消耗数量不等的水资源,在产品贸易过程中,这些看不见的水消耗也伴随着贸易产生了空间转移,即为虚拟水贸易。世界各国通过虚拟水贸易调整着水资源在本国的配置,国际水资源转移消耗的空间格局是如何的?国际贸易对我国水资源配置产生了什么样的影响呢?本文基于国际水资源投入产出模型,测度了1995-2009年40个主要经济体之间虚拟水贸易量,研究了国际水资源转移消耗的结构特征与格局演变轨迹。结果显示,全球虚拟水贸易网络庞大且复杂,国际间水资源转移已占世界水资源消耗的很大份额,水资源的空间转移在部分国家产生了节水效益。中国、美国、印度、墨西哥以及其他西方工业化国家是国际虚拟水贸易中最主要的国家。本文发现,国际水资源转移的结构并不平衡,虚拟水主要由发展中经济体流向发达经济体,国际贸易和分工的现状导致发达工业化国家对以中国为代表的新兴经济体水资源占用,将进一步加剧新兴经济体水资源短缺的现状。因此,在水资源环境问题已十分严峻的背景下,我国应充分重视国际贸易中对我国水资源的消耗影响,通过政策工具优化水资源的配置。

Fresh water resource is embedded into products and transported accompany with international products trade,and also is called as virtual water trade. Virtual water trade is the effective pathway for water resource relocation. What is the role of virtual water trade and how it impact Chinese water resource allocation around the world? Based on World Water Resource Input- Output Model,this essay measures the volume of international virtual water trade among 40 countries during 1995- 2009,and researches structure variation of international water resource transfer. The results show that: world water trade network is enormous and complicated; international water transfer accounts for a large proportion of global water consumption; some countries took water saving benefits from water trade. China,USA,India,Mexico,and other industrialize countries are the main water trade countries. This paper also reveals that international water transfer structure is out of balance,and mainly flows from developing economies to developed economies. Due to international trade and division of labor,developed industrial countries have occupied the water resource of newly developing economics represented by China and will further exceed the water resource shortage in the new emerging economic entities. Noteworthily,under the serious shortage of water resource circumstance,China should pay full attention to the impact of virtual water trade,and undertake comprehensive policy tools in order to optimize domestic water resource management.