基于产品全生命周期视角的中国绿色消费政策体系初探

A Study on the policy framework of green consumption in China from life cycle perspective

在建设生态文明、发展循环经济的大背景下,绿色消费成为缓解资源与环境压力的一个重要途径。为此,中国正在大力推行绿色消费,并发布了一系列政策。从产品全生命周期的视角,中国绿色消费涉及生产、流通、消费和处置等生命周期过程。因此,推行绿色消费不仅要保证消费过程本身的绿色化,还应成为连接上游产品生态设计和清洁生产过程、以及下游循环利用过程的纽带。本文拟从生命周期的角度,分析和评估中国绿色消费政策体系。评估结果表明,中国的绿色消费政策可以被划分为三个层次,即统领层、总体部署层和具体工作层。可以说,现阶段中国绿色消费政策体系的内容已较为全面,但在完善绿色消费在上、下游之间的承接机制方面,政策合力尚未得到充分发挥,绿色消费本身在中国还没有得到大范围推行。今后还需要在产品生态设计推进、市场监管机制完善、消费者绿色消费意识培养,以及回收体系建设等方面进一步的完善。

In the background of the construction of ecological civilization and the development of circular economy,China is vigorously promoting green consumption and has issued a series of policies. From the perspective of life cycle,green consumption in China is involved in the process of production,circulation,consumption and disposal. Accordingly,the green consumption should not only ensure itself resource-saving and environment-friendly,but also become the link between the ecological design,cleaner production and the recycling process. In order to investigate the effects of the existing green consumption policies on the achievement of the above goals,this paper evaluated the green consumption policy framework in China. It was found that the green consumption policies could be divided into three levels,namely,the guidance,the overall deployment and the specific work. The content of the policy framework has been more comprehensive,yet the policies prove inadequate especially in the areas of establishing a good connection between the upstream and downstream of consumption,and green consumption has not been practiced on a large scale successfully. Consequently,the policy framework needs to be improved in terms of the implementation of product ecological design,the establishment of supervision mechanism,the cultivation of green consumption consciousness and the construction of recycling system in the future.